# US 2023/0057529 A1 · Process for forming a coating > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2023/0057529 A1 - Document ID: US20230057529A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/906,496 - Filed: 2020-06-22 - Published: 2023-02-23 - Earliest claimed: 2020-03-18 - Assignees: Henkel AG & Co. KGaA - Applicants: Nbd Nanotechnologies, Inc. - Inventors: Miguel GALVEZ; Bong June ZHANG - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20230057529A1 ## CPC - B05D 1/02: performed by spraying - B05D 5/083: {involving the use of fluoropolymers} - B05D 3/0272: {with ovens} - B05D 3/107: {Post-treatment of applied coatings} - C03C 17/30: with silicon-containing compounds - C08G 77/045: {containing less than 25 silicon atoms} - C08G 77/24: halogen-containing groups - C09D 5/021: {Aerosols (aerosol compositions C09K3/30)} - C09D 7/20: Diluents or solvents - C09D 183/06: containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups (C09D183/12 takes precedence) - C09D 183/08: containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen - B05D 2201/02: Polymeric substrate - B05D 2203/35: Glass - B05D 2506/10: Fluorinated polymers - B05D 2518/10: Silicon-containing polymers - C03C 2217/70: Properties of coatings - C03C 2218/112: by spraying - B05D: PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL (conveying articles or workpieces through baths of liquid B65G, e.g. B65G49/02) - C03C: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS - C08G: MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS - C09D: COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR (cosmetics A61K; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general, B05D; staining wood B27K5/02; glazes or vitreous enamels C03C; natural resins, French polish, drying-oils, driers, turpentine, per se, C09F; polishing compositions other than French polish, ski waxes C09G; adhesives or use of materials as adhesives C09J; materials for sealing or packing joints or covers C09K3/10; materials for stopping leaks C09K3/12; processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings C25D) ## Abstract A process for forming a coating on a substrate including atomizing a formulation and applying the formulation to a substrate to form a coating on a substrate. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A process for forming a coating on a substrate, the process comprising, (a) providing a substrate having a substrate surface; (b) providing a formulation comprising a halogenated alkyl silane and a solvent; (c) atomizing the formulation with a nozzle at an atomization pressure of about 20 kPa to about 2,000 kPa and at a flow rate of about 1 ml/min to about 50 ml/min to form an atomized formulation; and (d) applying the atomized formulation to the substrate surface at a distance of about 1 cm to about 50 cm from the nozzle, wherein the coating has a water contact angle less than about 100°. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises glass, anti-reflective coated glass, adhesion-primed glass, metal, hard coated metal, plastic, or hard coated plastic. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the coating is about 0.1 nm to about 500 nm thick. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the coating is about 0.1 nm to about 100 nm thick. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, the coating is about 0.1 nm to about 20 nm thick. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the coating has a diiodomethane contact angle of about 20° to about 50°. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the coating has a diiodomethane contact angle of about 25° to about 45°. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the water contact angle is about 80° to about 100°. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the coating maintains a water contact angle above 50 degrees after 3,000 cycles of eraser abrasion. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the halogenated alkyl silane is present in the formulation at about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the formulation. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the halogenated alkyl silane is present in the formulation at about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the formulation. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the halogenated alkyl silane is present in the formulation at about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of the formulation. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the atomization pressure is about 50 kPa to about 1,000 kPa. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) process of claim 1, wherein the atomization pressure is about 100 kPa to about 300 kPa. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the distance from the nozzle to the substrate is about 5 cm to about 20 cm. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the distance from the nozzle to the substrate is about 8 cm to about 15 cm. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the step of providing is performed at a flow rate of about 5 ml/min to about 20 ml/min. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the step of providing is performed at a flow rate of about 8 ml/min to about 15 ml/min. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the solvent is ethanol. ### Claim 21 A process for forming a coated substrate, the process comprising atomizing a formulation through a tip of a nozzle at a pressure of at least 100 kPa to form an atomized formulation, and coating a surface of a substrate with the atomized formulation, wherein the distance from the tip of the nozzle to the surface of the substrate is at least 1 cm; and wherein the coated substrate has a water contact angle less than 100°. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The process of claim 21, wherein the water contact angle of the coated substrate is about 80° to about 100°. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The process of claim 22, wherein the process further comprises heating the sprayed substrate to a temperature of at least 90° C. to form a cured substrate. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The process of claim 23, wherein the step of heating is performed for about 10 minutes to about 90 minutes. ### Claim 25 (depends on 21) The process of claim 21, wherein the process further comprises cleaning the cured substrate. ### Claim 26 (depends on 21) The process of claim 21, wherein the nozzle pressure is about 100 kPa to about 450 kPa. ### Claim 27 (depends on 21) The process of claim 21, wherein the nozzle pressure is about 150 kPa to about 250 kPa. ### Claim 28 (depends on 26) The process of claim 26, wherein the distance from the nozzle tip to the substrate is about 7 cm to about 15 cm. ### Claim 29 (depends on 26) The process of claim 26, wherein the formulation comprises a halogenated alkyl silane. ### Claim 30 (depends on 26) The process of claim 26, wherein the formulation comprises about 0.1% to about 1% halogenated alkyl silane. ### Claim 31 (depends on 26) The process of claim 26, wherein the formulation comprises a chloroalkyl silane. ### Claim 32 (depends on 26) The process of claim 26, wherein the formulation has a pH of less than about 5. ### Claim 33 (depends on 26) The process of claim 26, wherein the formulation comprises a hydroxy POSS. ### Claim 34 (depends on 26) The process of claim 26, wherein the water contact angle is about 60° to about 95° after 3,000 cycles with an eraser abrasion. ### Claim 35 (depends on 26) The process of claim 26, wherein the formulation comprises an alcohol. ### Claim 36 (depends on 26) The process of claim 26, wherein the formulation comprises ethanol.