Photovoltaic cells

A printed photovoltaic cell comprising:

• an anode;
• a cathode;
• and
• a liquid electrophotographically printed photovoltaic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode;
• wherein the photovoltaic layer comprises a thermoplastic resin, a material with a perovskite structure and conductive particles;
• wherein the material with a perovskite structure has a chemical formula selected from ABX3 and A2BX6;
• wherein A is a cation, B is a cation and X is an anion;
• and
• wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises:
• a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups;
• and/or
• a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide;
• and/or
• a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof.

A method of producing a printed photovoltaic cell comprising:

• printing a liquid electrophotographic photovoltaic ink composition onto a substrate comprising an anode to form a liquid electrophotographically printed photovoltaic layer;
• and
• applying a composition to form a cathode;
• wherein the printed photovoltaic layer is disposed between the anode and the cathode;
• wherein the photovoltaic ink composition comprises a dispersion of a material with a perovskite structure, a thermoplastic resin and conductive particles in a carrier liquid;
• wherein the material with a perovskite structure has a chemical formula selected from ABX3 and A2BX6;
• wherein A is a cation, B is a cation and X is an anion;
• wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises:
• a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups;
• and/or
• a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide;
• and/or
• a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof.