A control system of a damper of a variable-air-volume air distributor, comprising a volume adjusting valve for the variable-air-volume air distributor, a valve actuator, a BP neural network-based main controller, a data collector and a user operation panel, wherein a signal of a set temperature of the user operation panel is connected to an input of the main controller, the data collector collects room temperature and a static pressure at an inlet of the air distributor, the collected data is connected to the input of the main controller through different sensors, and an output of the main controller is connected to an input of the valve actuator.