Friction and wear reduction additives
AssigneePetroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas)
InventorsKuah Y. Cheun, Andrea Dolfi, Giuseppe Forastiero, Geetha Srinivasan, Farah Fazlina M Yasin
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Abstract
The present invention relates to additives for reducing friction and wear in lubricants. In particular, the present invention relates to novel salts and their use in lubricating oil compositions for reducing friction and wear. In particular, the present invention relates to one or more ionic liquids, wherein the one or more ionic liquids comprise one or more cations and one or more Group 6 metal mononuclear metallate anions.
Claims62
A lubricating oil composition comprising one or more base oils and one or more ionic liquids, wherein the one or more ionic liquids comprise one or more cations and one or more Group 6 metal mononuclear metallate anions, wherein the one or more Group 6 metal mononuclear metallate anions comprise at least one metal sulphur bond.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more Group 6 metal mononuclear metallate anions comprises one or more of the following ligands coordinated to the central metal atom of the anion:
- BH3, BF3, BCl3, BR3, ALMe3, SiF4, H, CR3, —CR═CR2, alkynyl, —COR, —C6H5, η-CH2CH═CH2, η-C5H5, CF3, C6F5, CH2CMe3, NR2, OR, —OOR, F, SiR3, —PR2, SR, Cl, GeR3, AsR2, SeR, Br, SnR3, I, CN, SCN, NCS, N3, OCN, NCO, OSO2R, ONO, ONO2, OClO3, OSiR3, Mn (CO)5, Fe(η-C5H5)(CO2), Mo(η-C5H5)(CO)3, Au(PPh3), HgCl, —SCH2CH2S—, oxalate, o-quinones, —(S)2—, SO4, CO3, —(O)2—, metallacycles —(CH2)n—, where n=2, 3 or 4, ═CR2, ═NR, ═O, ═S, ═C═CR2, NH3, NR3, OH2, OR2, PR3, P(OR)3, SR2, SeR2, AsR3, CO, H2C═CH2, R2C═CR2, RC═CR, S═CR2, N2, PF3, tetrahydrofuran, Et2O, DMSO, RNC, RCN, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide, nitrogen, η-C3H5, acetylacetone, dimethylglyoxime, η-acetato, η-O2CR, η-S2CNR2, η-S2PR2, NH2CH2CO2—, BF4, BH4, NO, NR2, η-C4H4, NR, η-C4H4, bipyridyl, o-phenanthroline, ethylenediamine, RS(CH)2SR, diphosphines, N(CH2COO)3, η-C5H5, dienyls, 1,5,-diazacyclooctane-N,N′-diacetate, i-benzene, (i-arene), η-C7H8, RSi(CH2PMe2)3, η-C7H7, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, η-C5H4(CH2)3NR, η-C5H4(CH2)3NR, η-C5H4(CH2)3N═, P(bipy)3, [FB(ONCHC5H3)3P], wherein R is hydrocarbyl, preferably wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more Group 6 metal mononuclear metallate anions is of the formula:
- wherein M=Cr, Mo, W or Sg;
- wherein at least one X═S, wherein the other X are independently selected from O, S, Se or Te, and wherein each R is independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl moieties, such as C1 to C10 alkyl, C1 to C10 alkenyl, C1 to C10 aryl, C1 to C10 alkylaryl, or C1 to C10 arylalkyl moieties, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl moieties are optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from:
- C1 to C4 alkoxy, C2 to C8 alkoxyalkoxy, C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, —OH, —NH2, —SH, —CO2(C1 to C6)alkyl, and —OC(O)(C1 to C6)alkyl.
A lubricating oil composition according to claim 6, wherein M=Mo, and wherein the other X are independently selected from 0 or S.8. A lubricating oil composition according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein M=Mo and each X═S.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more ionic liquids have the formula:
- wherein M=Mo;
- and wherein each X═S.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more cations comprise one or more cations selected from a quaternary ammonium cation, a quaternary phosphonium cation, a quaternary sulphonium cation, or any combination thereof.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more cations comprise one or more cations selected from the following structures:
- wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from C1 to C30 straight chain or branched alkyl and alkenyl groups;
- C3 to C6 cycloalkyl groups;
- C1 to C30 arylalkyl groups;
- C1 to C30 alkylaryl groups;
- aryl groups;
- or any two of R1, R2, R3 and R4 combine to form an alkylene chain —(CH2)q— wherein q is from 3 to 6;
- wherein any one or more of said straight or branched chain alkyl and alkenyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, arylalkyl groups, alkylaryl groups;
- aryl groups or alkylene chains are optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from:
- C1 to C4 alkoxy, C2 to C8 alkoxyalkoxy, C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, —OH, —NH2, —SH, —CO2(C1 to C6)alkyl, and —OC(O)(C1 to C6)alkyl.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a compound of the following formula:
- wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hexyl and wherein R4 is tetradecyl.
A lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the one or more cations comprise a substituted quaternary imidazolium cation comprising at least one amide group, or one or more cations selected from the following structures:
- wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 have the formula —R5—N(R7)—(C═O)R6 or —R5(C═O)—N(R7)—R6, wherein R5 and R6 are as defined in claim 19, and wherein R7 is selected from H;
- a C1 to C30 straight chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl group;
- a C3 to C6 cycloalkyl group;
- a C1 to C30 arylalkyl group;
- a C1 to C30 alkylaryl group;
- an aryl group;
- or any two respective R6 groups combine to form an alkylene chain —(CH2)q— wherein q is from 3 to 6;
- wherein R5 and/or R6 are optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from:
- C1 to C4 alkoxy, C2 to C8 alkoxyalkoxy, C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, —OH, —NH2, —SH, —CO2(C1 to C6)alkyl, and —OC(O)(C1 to C6)alkyl;
- and wherein the other of R1, R2, R3 and R4 that are not as defined above are independently selected from C1 to C30 straight chain or branched alkyl and alkenyl groups such as C1 to C10 alkyl or alkenyl groups;
- C3 to C6 cycloalkyl groups;
- C1 to C30 arylalkyl groups;
- C1 to C30 alkylaryl groups;
- aryl groups;
- or any two of R1, R2, R3 and R4 combine to form an alkylene chain —(CH2)q— wherein q is from 3 to 6;
- wherein any one or more of said straight or branched chain alkyl and alkenyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, arylalkyl groups, alkylaryl groups;
- aryl groups or alkylene chains is optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from:
- C1 to C4 alkoxy, C2 to C8 alkoxyalkoxy, C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, —OH, —NH2, —SH, —CO2(C1 to C6)alkyl, and —OC(O)(C1 to C6)alkyl.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid is a liquid at a temperature of 100° C. and above, preferably 50° C. and above.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid is a liquid at a temperature of 25° C. and above, preferably 20° C. and above, more preferably 10° C. and above, and most preferably 0° C. and above.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid comprises less than 5 wt % halide, preferably less than 2.5 wt. % halide, and most preferably less than 1 wt. % halide.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid comprises less than 0.5 wt % halide, and preferably less than 0.1 wt. % halide.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid is free of halide.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the composition does not comprise a urea thickener or a substituted urea thickener.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the composition comprises the one or more ionic liquids in an amount of from 0.1 wt. % to 20 wt. %, preferably from 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. %, and most preferably from 0.1 wt. % to 5 wt. %.
A lubricating oil composition according to preceding claim, wherein the composition comprises the one or more ionic liquids in an amount of from 0.5 wt. % to 1.5 wt. %.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more base oils are present in the composition in an amount of from 75% to 99% by weight of the lubricant composition.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more base oils comprise one or more base stocks selected from Group I base stocks, Group II base stocks, Group III base stocks, Group IV base stocks and Group V base stocks.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more base oils comprise one or more synthetic oils selected from polyalpha-olefins, synthetic esters, polyalkylene glycols, phosphate esters, alkylated naphthalenes, silicate esters, ionic fluids, or multiply alkylated cyclopentanes.
A lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, further comprising one or more additives optionally selected from one or more pour point additives, anti-foaming additives, viscosity index improvers, antioxidants, detergents, corrosion inhibitors, anti-wear additives, friction modifiers, extreme pressure additives, or any combination thereof.
A method of producing a lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim, comprising the steps of combining one or more base oils with one or more ionic liquids, and optionally one or more additives.
A method of operating industrial machinery, a spark ignition engine or a compression ignition engine comprising lubricating said engine with a lubricating oil composition according to any preceding claim.
An ionic liquid comprising one or more cations selected from a quaternary phosphonium cation, a quaternary sulphonium cation, a quaternary ammonium cation comprising at least one amide group, a quaternary ammonium cation comprising at least one ester group, a substituted quaternary imidazolium cation comprising at least one ester group, a substituted quaternary imidazolium cation comprising at least one amide group, azaannulenium, azathiazolium, benzimidazolium, benzofuranium, benzothiophenium, benzotriazolium, borolium, cinnolinium, diazabicyclodecenium, diazabicyclononenium, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octanium, diazabicyclo-undecenium, dibenzofuranium, dibenzothiophenium, dithiazolium, dithiazolium, furanium, guanidinium, imidazolium, indazolium, indolinium, indolium, morpholinium, oxaborolium, oxaphospholium, oxazinium, oxazolium, iso-oxazolium, oxazolinium, pentazolium oxothiazolium, phospholium, phosphonium, phthalazinium, piperazinium, piperidinium, pyranium, pyrazinium, pyrazolium, pyridazinium, pyridinium, pyrimidinium, pyrrolidinium, pyrrolium, quinazolinium, quinolinium, isoquinolinium, quinoxalinium, quinuclidinium, selenazolium, sulfonium, tetrazolium, thiadiazolium, iso-thiadiazolium, thiazinium, thiazolium, iso-thiazolium, thiophenium, thiuronium, triazadecenium, triazinium, triazolium, iso-triazolium, and uranium, or a combination thereof, and one or more Group 6 metal mononuclear metallate anions, wherein the one or more Group 6 metal mononuclear metallate anions comprise at least one metal sulphur bond.
An ionic liquid according to claim 38 or claim 39, wherein the one or more cations comprise one or more cations selected from the following structures:
- wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 have the formula —R5—N(R7)—(C═O)R6 or —R5(C═O)—N(R7)—R6, wherein R5 and R6 are as defined in claim 48, and wherein R7 is selected from H;
- a C1 to C30 straight chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl group;
- a C3 to C6 cycloalkyl group;
- a C1 to C30 arylalkyl group;
- a C1 to C30 alkylaryl group;
- an aryl group;
- or any two respective R6 groups combine to form an alkylene chain —(CH2)q— wherein q is from 3 to 6;
- wherein R5 and/or R6 are optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from:
- C1 to C4 alkoxy, C2 to C8 alkoxyalkoxy, C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, —OH, —NH2, —SH, —CO2(C1 to C6)alkyl, and —OC(O)(C1 to C6)alkyl;
- and wherein the other of R1, R2, R3 and R4 that are not as defined above are independently selected from C1 to C30 straight chain or branched alkyl and alkenyl groups;
- C3 to C6 cycloalkyl groups;
- C1 to C30 arylalkyl groups;
- C1 to C30 alkylaryl groups;
- aryl groups;
- or any two of R1, R2, R3 and R4 combine to form an alkylene chain —(CH2)q— wherein q is from 3 to 6;
- wherein any one or more of said straight or branched chain alkyl and alkenyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, arylalkyl groups, alkylaryl groups;
- aryl groups or alkylene chains is optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from:
- C1 to C4 alkoxy, C2 to C8 alkoxyalkoxy, C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, —OH, —NH2, —SH, —CO2(C1 to C6)alkyl, and —OC(O)(C1 to C6)alkyl.
An ionic liquid according to any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid is free of halide.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.