# US 2022/0286997 A1 · Systems, methods, and devices for geolocation with deployable large scale arrays > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2022/0286997 A1 - Document ID: US20220286997A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/204,500 - Filed: 2021-03-17 - Published: 2022-09-08 - Earliest claimed: 2013-03-15 - Assignees: Digital Global Systems, Inc. - Applicants: Digital Global Systems, Inc. - Inventors: David William Kleinbeck; Ronald C. Dzierwa; Daniel Carbajal - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20220286997A1 ## CPC - H04W 64/00: Locating users or terminals {or network equipment} for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management - H04B 17/23: Indication means, e.g. displays, alarms, audible means - H04B 17/253: {measuring at different locations or reception points} - H04B 17/26: using historical data, averaging values or statistics - H04B 17/27: for locating or positioning the transmitter - H04B 17/309: Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters - H04W 24/08: Testing, {supervising or monitoring} using real traffic - H04W 24/10: Scheduling measurement reports {; Arrangements for measurement reports} - H04B 17/24: with feedback of measurements to the transmitter - H04W 24/04: Arrangements for maintaining operational condition - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract Systems, methods, and apparatus for geolocating a signal emitting device are disclosed. A monitoring array comprises at least four monitoring units. A distance ratio between the at least four monitoring units relative to a midpoint is determined. The at least four monitoring units are operable to scan independently for a signal of interest. The at least four monitoring units are operable to calculate times of arrival and angles of arrival for the signal of interest. Each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to measure the signal of interest and transmit a formatted message to other monitoring units within the monitoring array. Each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to determine a location of the signal emitting device from which the signal of interest is emitted based on calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system for geolocating a signal emitting device, comprising: a monitoring array comprising at least four monitoring units; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to sweep and learn an electromagnetic environment in a learning period based on statistical learning techniques, thereby creating learning data including power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to form a knowledge map based on the power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to scrub a spectral sweep against the knowledge map; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to calculate a first derivative of the power level measurements and a second derivative of the power level measurements; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to select most prominent derivatives of the first derivative and the second derivative; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to identify a signal of interest in the electromagnetic environment based on matched positive and negative gradients; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to average the spectral sweep, remove areas identified by the matched positive and negative gradients, and connect points between removed areas to determine a baseline; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to subtract the baseline from the spectral sweep to reveal the signal of interest; wherein the at least four monitoring units are operable to scan independently for the signal of interest; wherein the monitoring array is operable to calculate times of arrival and angles of arrival for the signal of interest; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to measure the signal of interest and transmit a formatted message to other monitoring units within the monitoring array; wherein the at least four monitoring units are selected based on clustering algorithms among a multiplicity of available monitoring units; and wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to determine a location of the signal emitting device from which the signal of interest is emitted based on calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest. ### Claim 2 (canceled) ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to index the power level measurements for each frequency interval in a spectrum section in the learning period. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the at least four monitoring units are mobility capable. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the location of the signal emitting device is normalized to a three-dimensional vector referenced to the center of the earth, or an acceptable reference object. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the signal emitting device is an aircraft, and wherein attributes of the aircraft are relating to a position on earth or a reference object. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the measurements comprise in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) data of the signal of interest, and wherein the location of the signal emitting device is further determined based on the I/Q data of the signal of interest. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the location of the signal emitting device is within 100 kilometers of the monitoring array. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring array is asymmetrical. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein each of the at least four monitoring units comprises a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver for timing of signal processing and an exact location of each of the at least four monitoring units. ### Claim 11 (canceled) ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein an aperture is synthesized between any two monitoring units of the monitoring array based on a difference of time of arrival. ### Claim 13 A method for identifying a signal emitting device, comprising: providing a deployable monitoring array comprising at least four monitoring units; at least one of the at least four monitoring units sweeping and learning an electromagnetic environment in a learning period based on statistical learning techniques, thereby creating learning data including power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units forming a knowledge map based on the power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units scrubbing a spectral sweep against the knowledge map; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units calculating a first derivative of the power level measurements and a second derivative of the power level measurements; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units selecting most prominent derivatives of the first derivative and the second derivative; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units identifying a signal of interest in the electromagnetic environment based on matched positive and negative gradients; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units averaging the spectral sweep, removing areas identified by the matched positive and negative gradients, and connecting points between removed areas to determine a baseline; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units subtracting the baseline from the spectral sweep to reveal the signal of interest; the at least four monitoring units scanning independently for the signal of interest; the deployable monitoring array calculating times of arrival and angles of arrival for the signal of interest; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units measuring the signal of interest; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units transmitting a formatted message to other units within the deployable monitoring array; and the at least one of the at least four monitoring units determining a location of the signal emitting device from which the signal of interest is emitted based on calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest wherein the at least four monitoring units are selected based on clustering algorithms among a multiplicity of available monitoring units. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, further comprising normalizing the location of the signal emitting device to a three-dimensional vector referenced to the center of the earth or a reference object. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, further comprising the at least one of the at least four monitoring units indexing the power level measurements for each frequency interval in a spectrum section in the learning period. ### Claim 16 (canceled) ### Claim 17 (canceled) ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein each of the at least four monitoring units comprises a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver for timing of signal processing and an exact location of each of the at least four monitoring units. ### Claim 19 A method for identifying a signal emitting device, comprising: providing a deployable monitoring array comprising at least four monitoring units, wherein the at least four monitoring units comprise three fixed monitoring units; at least one of the at least four monitoring units sweeping and learning an electromagnetic environment in a learning period based on statistical learning techniques, thereby creating learning data including power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units forming a knowledge map based on the power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units scrubbing a spectral sweep against the knowledge map; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units calculating a first derivative of the power level measurements and a second derivative of the power level measurements; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units selecting most prominent derivatives of the first derivative and the second derivative; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units identifying a signal of interest in the electromagnetic environment based on matched positive and negative gradients; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units averaging the spectral sweep, removing areas identified by the matched positive and negative gradients, and connecting points between removed areas to determine a baseline; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units subtracting the baseline from the spectral sweep to reveal the signal of interest; the at least four monitoring units scanning independently for the signal of interest; the deployable monitoring array calculating times of arrival and angles of arrival for the signal of interest; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units measuring the signal of interest; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units transmitting a formatted message to other units within the deployable monitoring array; and the at least one of the at least four monitoring units determining a location of the signal emitting device from which the signal of interest is emitted based on calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest wherein the at least four monitoring units are selected based on clustering algorithms among a multiplicity of available monitoring units. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, further comprising recreating a frequency array and replaying data from the three fixed monitoring units based on snapshots of exact instance at fixed time intervals. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the formatted message comprises center frequency, bandwidth, modulation schema, average power, and symbol samples from the at least four monitoring units. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest include at least one anchor point, wherein the at least one anchor point is based on at least one known electromagnetic environment. ### Claim 23 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest include at least one anchor point, wherein the at least one anchor point is based on at least one known electromagnetic environment. ### Claim 24 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, wherein the calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest include at least one anchor point, wherein the at least one anchor point is based on at least one known electromagnetic environment.