# US 2022/0286751 A1 · Signaling loudness adjustment for an audio scene > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2022/0286751 A1 - Document ID: US20220286751A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/501,749 - Filed: 2021-10-14 - Published: 2022-09-08 - Earliest claimed: 2021-03-08 - Assignees: Tencent America LLC - Applicants: Tencent America LLC - Inventors: Jun TIAN; Xiaozhong XU; Shan LIU - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20220286751A1 ## CPC - G10L 19/167: {Audio streaming, i.e. formatting and decoding of an encoded audio signal representation into a data stream for transmission or storage purposes} - H04N 21/4852: {for modifying audio parameters, e.g. switching between mono and stereo} - G10L 19/008: Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing - G10L 25/78: Detection of presence or absence of voice signals (switching of direction of transmission by voice frequency in two-way loud-speaking telephone systems H04M9/10) - H04N 21/4394: {involving operations for analysing the audio stream, e.g. detecting features or characteristics in audio streams (arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition of audio in broadcast systems H04H60/58)} - H04S 7/30: {Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field} - H04N 21/8106: {involving special audio data, e.g. different tracks for different languages} - H04S 2400/13: Aspects of volume control, not necessarily automatic, in stereophonic sound systems - G10L: SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING - H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION - H04S: STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS ## Abstract Aspects of the disclosure include methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums for loudness adjustment for an audio scene associated with an MPEG-I immersive audio stream. One apparatus includes processing circuitry that receives a first syntax element indicating a number of sound signals included in the audio scene. The processing circuitry determines whether one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals indicated by the first syntax element. The processing circuitry determines a reference speech signal from the one or more speech signals based on the one or more speech signals being included in the sound signals. The processing circuitry adjusts a loudness level of the reference speech signal of the audio scene based on an anchor speech signal. The processing circuitry adjusts loudness levels of the sound signals based on the adjusted loudness level of the reference speech signal. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for loudness adjustment in an audio scene associated with an MPEG-I immersive audio stream, the method comprising: receiving a first syntax element indicating a number of sound signals included in the audio scene; determining whether one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals indicated by the first syntax element; determining a reference speech signal from the one or more speech signals based on the one or more speech signals being included in the sound signals; adjusting a loudness level of the reference speech signal of the audio scene based on an anchor speech signal; and adjusting loudness levels of the sound signals based on the adjusted loudness level of the reference speech signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving includes receiving a second syntax element indicating whether the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals, and the determining whether the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals includes determining that the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals based on the second syntax element indicating that the one or more speeches signals are included in the sound signals. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving includes receiving a plurality of third syntax elements, each of the third syntax elements indicating whether a respective one of the sound signals is a speech signal, and the determining whether the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals includes determining that the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals based on at least one of the third syntax elements indicating that the respective one of the sound signals is the speech signal. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving includes receiving a fourth syntax element indicating a number of the one or more speech signals included in the sound signals, and the determining whether the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals includes determining that the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals based on the number of the one or more speech signals indicated by the fourth syntax element being greater than zero. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the reference speech signal includes receiving a fifth syntax element indicating the reference speech signal based on a number of the one or more speech signals being greater than one. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a plurality of sixth syntax elements, each of the sixth syntax elements indicating an identification index of a respective one of the sound signals. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals includes determining that no speech signal is included in the sound signals, and the adjusting the loudness levels of the sound signals includes adjusting the loudness levels of the sound signals based on a default reference signal. ### Claim 8 An apparatus, comprising: processing circuitry configured to: receive a first syntax element indicating a number of sound signals included in an audio scene; determine whether one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals indicated by the first syntax element; determine a reference speech signal from the one or more speech signals based on the one or more speech signals being included in the sound signals; adjust a loudness level of the reference speech signal of the audio scene based on an anchor speech signal; and adjust loudness levels of the sound signals based on the adjusted loudness level of the reference speech signal. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to: receive a second syntax element indicating whether the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals; and determine that the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals based on the second syntax element indicating that the one or more speeches signals are included in the sound signals. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to: receive a plurality of third syntax elements, each of the third syntax elements indicating whether a respective one of the sound signals is a speech signal; and determine that the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals based on at least one of the third syntax elements indicating that the respective one of the sound signals is the speech signal. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to: receive a fourth syntax element indicating a number of the one or more speech signals included in the sound signals; and determine that the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals based on the number of the one or more speech signals indicated by the fourth syntax element being greater than zero. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to: receive a fifth syntax element indicating the reference speech signal based on a number of the one or more speech signals being greater than one. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to: receive a plurality of sixth syntax elements, each of the sixth syntax elements indicating an identification index of a respective one of the sound signals. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to: determine that no speech signal is included in the sound signals; and adjust the loudness levels of the sound signals based on a default reference signal. ### Claim 15 A method for loudness adjustment signaling for an audio scene associated with an MPEG-I immersive audio stream, the method comprising: including a first syntax element indicating a number of sound signals included in the audio scene in loudness adjustment information, wherein a reference speech signal is determined from the one or more speech signals in response to one or more speech signals being determined to be included in the sound signals indicated by the first syntax element, a loudness level of the reference speech signal of the audio scene is adjusted based on an anchor speech signal, and loudness levels of the sound signals are adjusted based on the adjusted loudness level of the reference speech signal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: including a second syntax element indicating whether the one or more speech signals are included in the sound signals in the loudness adjustment information, wherein the one or more speech signals are determined to be included in the sound signals based on the second syntax element indicating that the one or more speeches signals are included in the sound signals. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: including a plurality of third syntax elements in the loudness adjustment information, each of the third syntax elements indicating whether a respective one of the sound signals is a speech signal, wherein the one or more speech signals are determined to be included in the sound signals based on at least one of the third syntax elements indicating that the respective one of the sound signals is the speech signal. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: including a fourth syntax element indicating a number of the one or more speech signals included in the sound signals in the loudness adjustment information, wherein the one or more speech signals are determined to be included in the sound signals based on the number of the one or more speech signals indicated by the fourth syntax element being greater than zero. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: including a fifth syntax element indicating the reference speech signal in the loudness adjustment information based on a number of the one or more speech signals being greater than one. ### Claim 20 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: including a plurality of sixth syntax elements in the loudness adjustment information, each of the sixth syntax elements indicating an identification index of a respective one of the sound signals.