# US 2022/0276191 A1 · Radio frequency signaling system and curable composition > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2022/0276191 A1 - Document ID: US20220276191A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/753,185 - Filed: 2020-08-28 - Published: 2022-09-01 - Earliest claimed: 2019-08-29 - Assignees: PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. - Applicants: PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. - Inventors: Cynthia Kutchko; Arjen Vellinga; David N. Walters; Peter L. Votruba-Drzal; Kurt G. Olson; Sara Teixeira; Arnold Johan Nederlof; Sijmen Johan Visser; Chun Yong Lee - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20220276191A1 ## CPC - G01N 27/221: {by investigating the dielectric properties (using microwaves G01N22/00; measuring loss factors or dielectric constants per se G01R27/26)} - G01F 23/266: {measuring circuits therefor} - G01F 23/268: {mounting arrangements of probes} - G01F 23/804: {containing circuits handling parameters other than liquid level} - G01N 27/023: {where the material is placed in the field of a coil} - G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q) - G01F: MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME ## Abstract A radio frequency signaling system includes a curable coating composition configured to be cured to form a cured coating and a sensor received in the curable coating composition. The sensor includes circuitry forming an inductor-capacitor circuit. The circuitry has a maximum outer diameter of 10 μm-2.0 mm. The circuitry is configured to generate an electromagnetic field in response to an external radio frequency signal. A container configured to be monitored by a radio frequency signaling system is also provided. The container includes: a container body having an outer surface and an inner surface; a cured coating on the inner surface and/or the outer surface of the container body; and a sensor positioned in the cured coating configured to detect absorption of a fluid contained in the container body by the cured coating. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A radio frequency signaling system, comprising: a curable coating composition configured to be cured to form a cured coating; and a sensor received in the curable coating composition, the sensor comprising circuitry forming an inductor-capacitor circuit, the circuitry having a maximum outer diameter of 10 μm-2.0 mm, wherein the circuitry is configured to generate an electromagnetic field in response to an external radio frequency signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The signaling system of claim 1, wherein the sensor is configured to measure a dielectric property of the cured coating based on measurements of the generated electromagnetic field that penetrates into the cured coating. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The signaling system of claim 1, wherein the sensor further comprises a sensor body comprising a surface, wherein the circuitry is mounted to the surface of the sensor body, and wherein a major dimension of the surface is 10 μm-2.0 mm. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The signaling system of claim 3, wherein the sensor further comprises a protective layer covering the surface of the sensor body and the circuitry, and wherein the electromagnetic field comprises a fringing component generated by the circuitry extending above the protective layer and the fringing component of the electromagnetic field penetrates into the cured coating. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The signaling system of claim 4, wherein at least a portion of the circuitry is not covered by the protective layer and is in direct contact with the cured coating. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) The signaling system of claim 3, wherein the circuitry comprises a plurality of conductive loops extending around the surface of the sensor body. ### Claim 7 (depends on 3) The signaling system of claim 3, wherein the circuitry comprises a plurality of interdigitating capacitors extending across the surface of the sensor body. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The signaling system of claim 1, wherein the curable coating composition comprises a paint, a primer, a sealant, and/or an adhesive. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The signaling system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry comprises a conductor having a width of 0.01 μm-1.0 μm. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The signaling system of claim 1, wherein the curable coating composition comprises a reaction mixture comprising monomers that polymerize to form a dielectric polymer. ### Claim 11 A radio frequency system for monitoring a condition of a cured coating, the system comprising: a cured coating formed from a curable coating composition; a sensor positioned in the cured coating, the sensor comprising circuitry forming an inductor-capacitor circuit, the circuitry having a maximum outer diameter of 10 μm-2.0 mm; and a radio frequency device configured to: generate and provide a radio frequency signal to the cured coating sufficient to power the circuitry of the sensor, wherein the radio frequency signal causes the circuitry to generate the electromagnetic field, such that the electromagnetic field extends from the circuitry into the cured coating; and measure a frequency response of the circuitry. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, further comprising a controller in electrical communication with the radio frequency device configured to monitor the condition of the cured coating based on the measured frequency response of the circuitry of the sensor. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the controller monitors the condition of the cured coating by continually or periodically receiving information from the sensor and comparing the received information to a predetermined frequency response value. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to identify a change in a dielectric property of the cured coating based on the information received from the sensor and provide feedback to a user about the condition of the cured coating based on the identified change in the dielectric property of the cured coating. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is further configured to: determine a baseline state for the sensor, the baseline state comprising a resonance frequency for the sensor; monitor a frequency response of the sensor when the radio frequency signal is applied to the sensor; identify a resonance frequency shift for the sensor; and continue to monitor the resonance frequency of the sensor to determine when the resonance frequency of the sensor returns to the baseline state. ### Claim 16 A container configured to be monitored by a radio frequency signaling system, the container comprising: a container body comprising an outer surface and an inner surface; a cured coating on the inner surface and/or the outer surface of the container body; and a sensor positioned in the cured coating configured to detect absorption of a fluid contained in the container body by the cured coating. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The container of claim 16, wherein the sensor comprises circuitry forming an inductor-capacitor circuit, the circuitry having a maximum outer diameter of 10 μm-2.0 mm. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The container of claim 16, wherein the circuitry is configured to generate an electromagnetic field in response to an external radio frequency signal. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The container of claim 16, wherein the container body comprises a metal substrate, and wherein the cured coating comprises a dielectric polymer. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The container of claim 16, further comprising a coil antenna mounted to the container, the coil antenna being configured to generate a radio frequency signal sufficient to induce the sensor to generate an electromagnetic field extending from the circuitry into the cured coating. ### Claim at position 21 21-38. (canceled)