Apparatus and method for wavefront reconstruction based on rotationally symmetric extended structured light illumination

An apparatus for wavefront reconstruction based on rotationally symmetric extended structured light illumination, comprising:

• a laser device (1), a neutral density filter (2), a microscope objective (3), a pinhole (4), a collimating lens (5), a beam splitter prism (6), a spatial light modulator (7), a lens (8) to be measured and an image acquisition device (9);
• the neutral density filter (2) is located in parallel behind the laser device (1);
• the microscope objective (3) is located in parallel behind the neutral density filter (2);
• the pinhole (4) is located in parallel behind the microscope objective (3) and at a focal point of the microscope objective (3);
• the collimating lens (5) is located in parallel behind the pinhole (4) and an anterior focal point of the collimating lens (5) is located at the pinhole (4);
• the beam splitter prism (6) is located in parallel behind the collimating lens (5);
• the spatial light modulator (7) is located in parallel behind the beam splitter prism (6);
• the lens (8) to be measured is perpendicular to an outgoing beam from the laser device (1) and shares a common optical axis with a beam splitting facet of the beam splitter prism (6);
• the image acquisition device (9) is located in parallel at a posterior focal point of the lens (8) to be measured;
• the lens (8) to be measured comprises an object to be measured;
• a laser beam emitted by the laser device (1) is sequentially subjected to attenuation by the neutral density filter (2), extension by the collimating lens (5) into plane-parallel light, splitting by the beam splitter prism (6), and modulation by the spatial light modulator (7) to generate structured light;
• the structured light is sequentially reflected by the beam splitter prism (6) and converged by the lens (8) to be measured to the image acquisition device (9), and a diffraction spot containing information of the object to be measured and the structured light is acquired by the image acquisition device (9).