Systems and methods for nucleic acid sequencing

A method for detecting a nucleic acid molecule, comprising:

• (a) providing a plurality of single-stranded nucleic acid molecules adjacent to a sensor array, wherein a first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule of said plurality of single-stranded nucleic acid molecules is disposed adjacent to a given sensor of said sensor array;
• (b) subjecting said first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule to a nucleic acid incorporation reaction to generate a second single-stranded nucleic acid molecule as a growing strand complementary to said first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule, wherein said nucleic acid incorporation reaction comprises alternately and sequentially (i) incorporating individual nucleotides of a first plurality of nucleotides comprising detectable labels, and (ii) incorporating individual nucleotides of a second plurality of nucleotides that do not comprise detectable labels;
• and
• (c) while or subsequent to conducting said nucleic acid incorporation reaction, using said given sensor to detect signals indicative of a change in charge or conductivity from a double layer comprising said detectable labels, thereby determining a sequence or length of said first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule.