A method for functionalization of an aromatic amino acid or a nucleobase

2:

• The method of claim 1, wherein in formula 1:
• A1 is present, A2 is a bivalent substituent, and X1 is not present;
• or
• A1 is present, A2 is a monovalent substituent bound to A1, and X1 is present.

10:

• A hypervalent iodine fluoroalkyl reagent of general formula 1-1
• wherein
• R1 is selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl, Me(OCH2CH2)nO, wherein n=1-10,
• X1 is not present or is selected from chloride, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, methanesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, fluoride, bromide, (F(CF2)sSO2)2N−, wherein s=1 to 4, C1-C6 carboxylate, fluorinated C1-C6 carboxylate, hexafluoroantimonate;
• A1 is not present or is selected from
• carbonyl group (C═O),
• R2—C—R3, where R2 and R3 are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, hydrogen, CF3, C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by fluorine, chlorine and/or C1-C4 alkyl, omega-methoxy-(C1-C4)alkyl;
• or R2 and R3 together with the carbon atom to which they are bound form 1,1-cyclobutylene, 1,1-cyclopentylene, 1,1-cyclohexylene, 1,1-(4-oxacyclohexylene);
• A2 is not present or is selected from
• hydroxyl group (OH),
• oxygen (—O—),
• C1-4 alkoxy,
• OSiR4R5R6, wherein R4,R5,R6 are independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl and phenyl;
• R7N, wherein R7 is selected from C1-10 alkyl, phenyl-substituted C1-10 alkyl, 4-chlorophenyl-substituted C1-10 alkyl, and CH3(OCH2CH2)n;
• R8CO—, wherein R8 is selected from C1-10 alkyl, phenyl-substituted C1-10 alkyl, CH3(OCH2CH2)o—, wherein o=1-10, Cl−Me3N+(CH2)p—, wherein p=1-10, —(CX2)mCOOQ, —(CX2)mSO3Q, wherein m=2-3, -phenyl-SO3Q, -phenyl-COOQ, —(CX2)mCOO—, —(CX2)mSO3—, wherein m=2-3, -phenyl-SO3—, -phenyl-COO—,
• X2═F or Cl, X3═H, CH3, F or Cl,
• Q is selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, tetra (C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl) ammonium, tri (C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl) pyridinium;
• R9C(O)O—, wherein R9 is selected from C1-10 alkyl, phenyl-substituted C1-10 alkyl, CH3(OCH2CH2)o—, wherein o=1-10, Cl−Me3N+(CH2)p—, wherein p=1-10, —(CX2)mCOOQ, —(CX2)mSO3Q, wherein m=2-3, -phenyl-SO3Q, -phenyl-COOQ, —(CX2)mCOO—, —(CX2)mSO3—, wherein m=2-3, -phenyl-SO3—, -phenyl-COO—,
• X2═F or Cl, X3═H, CH3, F or Cl,
• Q is selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, tetra (C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl) ammonium, tri (C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl) pyridinium;
• RF is —CF2-A3-A4, wherein
• A3 is not present and A4 is fluorine, or phenylsulfanyl (PhS) group, or
• A3 is CF2 and A4 is fluorine, C1-10 perfluoroalkyl, phenoxy, C1-10 alkoxy, phenylsulfanyl, N-imidazolyl, N-pyrazolyl, N-benzimidazolyl, N-triazoyl, N-(2-methyl)imidazolyl, CH3(OCH2CH2)nO, where n=1-10, Cl−MeH2N+(CH2)r, wherein r=1-10, Cl−MeH2N+(CH2)2-phenyloxy, C1-10 alkyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, omega-azido C1-10 alkyl, omega-amino C1-10 alkyl, omega-ethynyl C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 alkylthio, phenyl, chloro, bromo, iodo, azido, nitro, C1-10 alkoxycarbonyl-substituted phenyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 alkyl omega substituted with SO2F, N-succinimide-O—C(O)—, methyldiaziridine, trifluoromethyldiaziridine, rhodamine, fluorescein or coumarin;
• aryl p-substituted with N-succinimide-O—C(O)—, rhodamine, fluorescein or coumarin, phenoxy p-substituted with N-succinimide-O—C(O)—, rhodamine, fluorescein or coumarin, and 2-(aryliodanyl)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl;
• in alkyl chains, two neighboring carbon atoms may be replaced by a methylamido group (—N(Me)-C(O)—) and/or by a phenyl group,
• provided that:
• A2 is not —O— or —OH, when:
• A1 is C═O or R2—C—R3, wherein R2 and R3 are methyls;
• A2 is not —O—C(═O)CH3, when:
• RF is CF3 and A1 is C═O or R2—C—R3, wherein R2 and R3 are methyls;
• A2 is not —O— or —OH, when:
• X1 is not present, RF is CF3 and A1 is R2—C—R3, wherein R2 and R3 are selected from alkyl and CF3 or wherein R2 is methyl and R3 is phenyl or R2 and R3 together form 1,1-cyclohexylene;
• A2 is not —O— or —OH, when:
• X1 is not present, RF is selected from perfluoroethyl, perfluoropropyl, perfluorobutyl, perfluorohexyl or perfluorooctyl, A1 is R2—C—R3, wherein R2 is methyl and R3 is phenyl or isopropyl;
• A2 is not R7N, wherein R7 is selected from C1-10 alkyl, phenyl-substituted C1-10 alkyl, when:
• X1 is not present, RF is CF3 and A1 is C═O.