Using parasympathomimetic drugs alone or, in combination with one or more alpha agonists in pseudophakic patients, to create multi-focality

A method of treating at least one refractive error in a patient that has had ocular surgery, comprising:

• administering to at least one eye of the patient an ophthalmic preparation comprising:
• a therapeutically effective amount of one or more parasympathomimetic drugs, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;
• and
• a therapeutically effective amount of an alpha agonist or an alpha antagonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

A method for ameliorating or reducing at least one refractive error of a pseudophakic patient selected from the group consisting of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, comprising:

• administering to at least one eye of the patient an ophthalmic preparation comprising:
• a therapeutically effective amount of one or more parasympathomimetic drugs, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;
• and
• a permeation enhancer.

A method for ameliorating or reducing at least one refractive error of a pseudophakic patient selected from the group consisting of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, comprising:

• administering to an eye or both eyes of the patient an ophthalmic preparation comprising:
• a therapeutically effective amount of one or more parasympathomimetic drugs, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;
• and
• a therapeutically effective amount of an alpha agonist or an alpha antagonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;
• wherein at least intermediate vision of the pseudophakic patient is improved from administration of the ophthalmic preparation to the eye or both eyes of the patient.

A method for preventing a parasympathomimetic induced myopic shift in a pseudophakic patient receiving parasympathomimetic drugs or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof comprising:

• administering to two eyes of the pseudophakic patient an ophthalmic preparation comprising:
• a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the parasympathomimetic drugs, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;
• and
• a therapeutically effective amount of an alpha2 agonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof
• wherein the ophthalmic preparation increases a depth of focus, and preserves distance visual acuity in the administered two eyes of the pseudophakic patient, while preventing the parasympathomimetic induced myopic shift.