Geomaterial web with biological degradation properties

A geomaterial web, comprising:

• a first organic structural material and a second structural material that is different from the first structural material and that is bonded to the first structural material to form a sheet-like composite material web extending in two mutually perpendicular directions;
• wherein the first structural material and the second structural material are organic materials;
• and wherein:
• the first structural material has a first biodegradability to the extent that:
• in a composting test with the following parameters:
• samples with a length of 10 cm, a width of 10 cm and an original material thickness,
• 50° C.+/−5° C.,
• thermophilic conditions according to ISO 16929,
• sieving of solids after six months in a sieve with 2 mm mesh (mesh 8.75), and
• when sieving, less than 80 wt. % dry matter of the an initial dry matter of the starting material remains in the sieve;
• or
• in a marine incubation test with the following parameters:
• samples with a length of 2 cm, a width of 2 cm and an original material thickness,
• 30° C.+/−2° C.,
• aerobic conditions in seawater with a salinity of 3.5 wt. %+/−1 wt. %,
• sieving of solids after twelve weeks in a sieve with 2 mm mesh (mesh 8.75), and
• when sieving after twelve weeks, less than 80 wt. % dry matter of a dry matter of the starting material remains in the sieve;
• and
• the second structural material has a second biodegradability which is different from the first biodegradability.

A method for location-dependent soil stabilization by means of a geomaterial web, comprising the steps:

• configuring a product for one or more influencing parameters determining the durability of the geomaterial web at the installation site, where the influencing parameters are selected from:
• an intensity of a radiation effect of an electromagnetic radiation;
• a height of a temperature;
• a concentration of a substance reacting chemically and/or biochemically with the geomaterial web;
• a concentration of a concentration of bacteria;
• or
• a concentration of fungi;
• determining one or more of these influencing parameters at a shipment site that is distant from the installation site;
• and
• installing the geomaterial web at the installation site, wherein the geomaterial web comprises a structural material that is:
• under the intensity of the influencing parameter at the shipment site, exhibits biodegradability to the extent that a residual shipment site fraction remains in a 2 mm sieve within six months when the material or its components are sieved;
• the residual shipment site fraction is less than 80 wt. % of the structural material;
• under the intensity of the influencing parameter at the installation site, exhibits biodegradability to the extent that an installation site residue of the structural material remains in a 2 mm sieve within six months when the structural material or its components are sieved;
• or
• wherein the installation site residue is greater than the residual shipment site fraction.

A use of a geomaterial web comprising a structural material, wherein:

• under a first intensity of an influencing parameter at an installation site, has biodegradability to the extent that:
• in a composting test with the following parameters:
• samples with a length of 10 cm, a width of 10 cm and an original material thickness,
• 50° C.+/−5° C.,
• thermophilic conditions according to ISO 16929, unless these are defined by specific intensities of specific influencing parameters at the installation site;
• sieving of particulate material after six months in a sieve with 2 mm mesh (mesh 8.75), and
• when sieving, more than 80 dry wt. % of the starting material remains in the sieve;
• or
• in a marine incubation test, with the following parameters:
• samples with a length of 2 cm, a width of 2 cm and an original material thickness, 30° C.+/−2° C.,
• aerobic conditions in seawater with a salinity of 3.5 wt. %+/−1 wt. %, unless defined by specific intensities of one or more specific influencing parameters at the installation site,
• sieving of solids after twelve weeks in a sieve with 2 mm mesh (mesh 8.75), and
• when sieving after twelve weeks, more than 80 dry wt. % a starting material remains in the sieve;
• and
• under a second intensity of influencing parameter at a shipment site, exhibits biodegradability to the extent that within six months in the composting test or twelve weeks in the marine incubation test, and less than 80% wt. % of a dry mass of the first structural material remains in the sieve after sieving through a 2 mm sieve;
• wherein the intensity of one of the one or more influencing parameters is selected from:
• an intensity of a radiation effect of an electromagnetic radiation,
• a height of a temperature,
• a concentration of a substance reacting chemically and/or biochemically with the geomaterial web,
• a concentration of a concentration of bacteria,
• a concentration of fungi, or
• an expected mechanical stresses,
• such that the geomaterial web is installed at the installation site at one point in time and is transported to the shipment site at a later point in time following the installation point in time.

A use of a geomaterial web comprising a structural material which is:

• under a predetermined intensity of an influencing parameter at an installation site, exhibits biodegradability to the extent that:
• in a composting test with the following parameters:
• samples with a length of 10 cm, a width of 10 cm and an original material thickness,
• 50° C.+/−5° C.,
• thermophilic conditions according to ISO 16929,
• sieving of solids after six months in a sieve with 2 mm mesh (mesh 8.75), and
• when sieving less than 50 dry wt. % of the starting material remains in the sieve;
• or
• in a marine incubation test with the following parameters:
• samples with a length of 2 cm, a width of 2 cm and an original material thickness,
• 30° C.+/−2° C.,
• aerobic conditions in seawater with a salinity of 3.5 wt. %+/−1 wt. %,
• sieving of solids after twelve weeks in a sieve with 2 mm mesh (mesh 8.75), and
• when sieving after twelve weeks, less than 20 dry wt. % of the starting material remains in the sieve;
• wherein the predetermined intensity of the influencing parameter is selected from:
• an intensity of a radiation effect of an electromagnetic radiation,
• a height of a temperature,
• a concentration of a substance reacting chemically and/or biochemically with the geomaterial web,
• a concentration of a concentration of bacteria,
• a concentration of fungi, or
• an expected mechanical stresses,
• for stabilizing a soil layer in flood protection or scour protection;
• by using the geomaterial web to make fillable containers and using the fillable containers so that they are placed filled on the seabed, thereby providing scour protection in a location subject to currents, or
• by installing the geomaterial web in a shoreline or coastal protection at an installation site with occasional dry fall or an installation site with occasional wet fall, the geomaterial web having a density less than water.

A method of soil stabilization by means of a geomaterial web, comprising the steps of:

• (a) determining a soil parameter value characterizing a soil property at an installation site;
• (b) determining a degradation value characterizing a biodegradation rate;
• (c) selecting a mixture ratio of a first and second structural material having different biodegradability based on the soil parameter value and the degradation value;
• (d) combining the first and second structural materials to form the geomaterial web at the mixture ratio;
• and
• (e) providing the geomaterial web for installation at the installation site.