Grinding Aid for Titanium Dioxide Particles

A grinding aid for grinding titanium dioxide particles selected from the group consisting of silicate, silicate minerals, not including asbestos;

• silylated fumed silica, excluding asbestos;
• silylated precipitated silica;
• bentonite;
• zinc oxide;
• kaolin;
• boron nitride;
• mica;
• hydromagnesite;
• wollastonite;
• cristobalite;
• quartz;
• dolomite;
• huntite;
• siliceous earth;
• soda earth;
• manganese phosphite, calcium hydroxide;
• calcium oxide;
• magnesium hydroxide;
• magnesium oxide;
• antimony oxide;
• potassium hydroxide;
• sodium hydroxide;
• sodium sulfide;
• zinc sulfide;
• molybdenum disulfide;
• sodium borate;
• iron oxide;
• cupper iodide;
• aluminum oxide;
• sodium bisulfite;
• sodium nitrite;
• potassium iodide;
• sodium iodide;
• sulfur;
• sodium sulfite;
• potassium bromide;
• sodium thiosulfate;
• manganese chloride;
• copper bromide;
• barium nitrate;
• calcium chloride;
• manganese hypophosphite;
• lithium iodide;
• aluminum magnesium hydroxycarbonate;
• manganese oxide;
• calcium sulfoaluminate;
• barium tetraborate;
• ozocerite;
• pyrophyllite;
• hydrotalcite;
• manganese hydroxide;
• iron phosphide;
• barium hydroxide;
• zinc hydroxide;
• aluminum hydroxide;
• magnesium sodium fluoride silicate;
• titanium nitride;
• salts of acetyl acetic acids;
• C2-C24, aliphatic, linear chain, monocarboxylic acids, from natural fats and oils, and their mono-, di- and triglycerol esters, their branched fatty acids in naturally occurring amounts are included;
• C2-C24, aliphatic, linear monocarboxylic acids and their mono-, di- and triglycerol esters;
• esters of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids (C6-C22) with polyglycerol;
• aliphatic, monovalent, saturated, linear, primary (C4-C24) alcohols;
• linear with even number of carbon atoms (C12-C20) alkyl dimethylamines;
• alkyl(C8-C22)sulfonic acids;
• linear chain, primary, alkyl(C8-C22)sulfuric acids with even number of carbon chain;
• N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)alkyl(C8-C18)amine;
• N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)alkyl(C8-C18)amine hydrochloride;
• ethyl hydroxy methylcellulose;
• ethyl hydroxy propyl cellulose;
• glycine and salts thereof;
• lysine and salts thereof;
• methyl hydroxy methyl cellulose;
• polyacrylic acid and salts thereof;
• polyesters of 1,2-propanediol and/or 1,3- and/or 1,4-butanediol and/or polypropylene glycol with adipic acid, also with terminal acetic acid, or C12-C18 fatty acids, or n-octanol and/or n-decanol;
• polyethylene glycol (EO=1-50)-monoalkyl ether (linear and branched, C8-C20)-sulfate and salts thereof;
• propyl hydroxyethyl cellulose;
• propyl hydroxy methyl cellulose;
• propyl hydroxy propyl cellulose;
• sorbitol;
• ascorbic acid;
• hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide;
• palmitic acid;
• stearic acid;
• ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid;
• benzoic acid;
• salicylic acid;
• camphor;
• citric acid;
• tartaric acid;
• 2,2′-methylene bis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol);
• o-phthalic acid;
• propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate;
• 4,4′-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol);
• 2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dichloro diphenylmethane;
• methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate;
• hexamethylene tetramine;
• caprolactam;
• 12-hydroxystearic acid;
• 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine;
• succinic acid;
• maleic acid;
• fumaric acid;
• N,N′-ethylene-bis-stearamide;
• N,N′-ethylene-bis-oleamide;
• glutaric acid;
• erucic acid;
• pentaerythritol;
• 2,2′-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);
• benzophenone;
• ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate;
• Propyl gallate;
• triisopropanolamine;
• levulinic acid;
• adipic acid;
• sucrose octaacetate;
• dipentaerythritol;
• diphenyl sulfone;
• 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol;
• 2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;
• 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone;
• 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;
• ascorbyl palmitate;
• butyl lactate;
• malonic acid;
• lauric acid;
• oxalic acid;
• oleamide;
• n-decanoic acid;
• silicon carbide;
• dicyandiamide;
• arachidic acid;
• lignoceric acid;
• 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone;
• octyl gallate;
• dodecyl gallate;
• 1,2-propylene glycol monostearate;
• 4,4′-bis(2-benzoxazolyl)stilbene;
• 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone;
• 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole;
• pyrophosphoric acid;
• dioctadecyl disulfide;
• crotonic acid;
• 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol;
• isopropyl-4-hydroxybenzoate;
• tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate];
• malic acid;
• montan wax;
• candelilla wax;
• carnauba wax;
• carboxymethyl cellulose;
• cellulose;
• cellulose acetate butyrate;
• ethyl cellulose;
• ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose;
• methyl ethyl cellulose;
• hydroxyethyl cellulose;
• hydroxypropyl cellulose;
• hydroxypropyl methylcellulose;
• methyl cellulose;
• food starch;
• hydroxyethyl starch;
• alginic acid;
• 1,2-propylene glycol alginate;
• hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose;
• hydroxypropyl starch;
• alpha-dextrin;
• boric acid;
• ascorbyl stearate;
• glycerin tribehenate;
• polyethylene glycol;
• polypropylene glycol;
• sorbitan monopalmitate;
• sorbitan tristearate;
• sorbitan monostearate;
• 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trion;
• glyceryl monobehenate;
• tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite;
• dibenzyliden sorbitol;
• carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose;
• carboxymethyl methyl cellulose;
• hydroxy methylcellulose;
• monoethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylphosphonate and calcium salt;
• 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine dimethyl succinate and a copolymer;
• N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-carboxymethyl ammonium chloride or sodium salt-octadecyl methacrylate-ethyl methacrylate-cyclohexyl methacrylate-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, copolymers;
• hydrolyzed starch;
• polyethylene glycol(EO=2-6)-monoalkyl (C16-C18)-ether;
• regenerated cellulose;
• -cresol-dicyclopentadiene-isobutylene and copolymers thereof;
• bis(polyethylene glycol) hydroxymethyl phosphonate;
• polyethylene glycol-30-dipolyhydroxystearate;
• 2,2′-oxamidobis[ethyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate];
• poly[6-[(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl]-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino-hexamethylene-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino];
• bis(4-ethylbenzylidene)sorbitol;
• 2,2′,2″-nitrilo(triethyl-tris(3,3′,5,5′-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1′-bi-phenyl-2,2′-diyl)phosphite);
• bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite;
• 2,2′-methylene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)sodium phosphate;
• bis(methylbenzylidene)sorbitol;
• 2,4-bis(octylthiomethyl)-6-methylphenol;
• 2,4-bis(dodecylthiomethyl)-6-methylphenol;
• 2,2′-Ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)fluorophosphonite;
• reaction product of di-tert-butylphosphonite with biphenyl, produced by condensation of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol with the Friedel-Crafts reaction product of phosphorus trichloride and biphenyl;
• 2,4-di-tert-pentyl-6-[1-(3,5-di-tert-pentyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenyl acrylate;
• 3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,5-dimethylhexane;
• 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1-methylpentadecyl)phenol;
• bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol;
• 1,2-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine, polymer with N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidineamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine;
• N,N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxamide;
• pentaerythritol tetrakis (2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate);
• 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene;
• 1,3,5-tris(4-benzoylphenol)benzene;
• polydimethylsiloxane with 3-aminopropyl end groups, polymer with 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane;
• 1,3,5-tris(2,2-dimethylpropanamido)benzene;
• hydrogenated homopolymers and/or copolymers prepared from 1-hexene and/or 1-octene and/or 1-decene and/or 1-dodecene and/or 1-tetradecene with a molecular weight of 440 to 12,000 g/mol;
• N,N′-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-N,N′-diformylhexamethylenediamine;
• 2,2′-(1,4-phenylen)bis((4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-on);
• polyester of adipic acid with 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol;
• polyethylene glycol ethers (EO=1-50) of linear and branched primary alcohols (C8-C22);
• aliphatic linear C2-C24 monocarboxylic acids from natural oils and fats, lithium salt;
• ethoxylated secondary alcohols with C12-C14 with a beta-(2-hydroxyethoxy) group;
• alpha-alkenes (C20-C24), copolymer with maleic anhydride, reaction product with 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;
• bis(4-propylbenzylidene)propylsorbitol;
• neopentyl glycol, diesters and monoesters with benzoic acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid;
• oxidized polyethylene waxes;
• sulfosuccinic acid, alkyl (C4-C20) or cyclohexyl diesters and salts thereof;
• sulfosuccinic acid monoalkyl (C10-C16) polyethylene glycol esters and salts thereof;
• cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and salts thereof;
• cis-endo-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid and salts thereof;
• neodecanoic acid and salts thereof;
• pimelic acid and salts thereof;
• stearoyl-2-lactylate and salts thereof;
• N,N′,N″-tris(2-methylcyclohexyl)-1,2,3-propane-tricarboxamide;
• poly(12-hydroxystearic acid) stearate;
• fatty acids (C8-C22) from animal or vegetable fats and oils, esters with monohydric, primary, saturated, aliphatic, C3-C22 branched alcohols;
• fatty acids (C8-C22) from animal or vegetable fats and oils, esters with linear, monohydric, primary, saturated, aliphatic alcohols (C1-C22);
• fatty acids (C8-C22), esters with pentaerythritol and mixtures thereof.