Security element and method for producing a security element

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• in the first and/or the at least one second predefined bent state the security element is bent towards the observer (7), in particular such that the security element (1) has a concave shape in the first and/or the at least one second predefined bent state, and/or in that the security element (1) is bent away from the observer (7), in particular such that the security element (1) has a convex shape in the first and/or the at least one second predefined bent state.

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the security element (1) has at least one bending line (9), around which the security element (1) is bent in the first and/or the at least one second predefined bent state of the security element (1).

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• if the Laplace operator Δ is applied to a surface of the security element (1) described by a function F(x,y), a predefined limit value is exceeded in the first and/or the at least one second predefined bent state of the security element (1) and is not exceeded in the unbent state, wherein the function F(x,y) describes the distance from the surface of the security element (1) to a two-dimensional reference surface spanned by the coordinate axes x and y (3, 4).

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the bending radius (r) in the first and/or the at least one second predefined bent state of the security element (1) lies between 1 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 50 mm, further preferably between 4 mm and 30 mm.

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that,
• in the direction of the coordinate axis x or y (3, 4) around which the security element (1) is bent in the first and/or the at least one second predefined bent state, the security element (1) has a length of at least 5 mm, preferably of at least 10 mm, further preferably of at least 20 mm, even further preferably of at least 50 mm.

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• in the at least one first area (51) the first volume hologram has two or more first zones (10a-j), wherein the two or more first zones (10a-j) in the first predefined bent state of the security element (1) provide the first item of information (21-30) for the observer in the first observation situation.

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first volume hologram layer (11) has Bragg planes (12) formed by refractive index variations.

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• a second volume hologram is introduced into the first volume hologram layer (11) in at least one second area.

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the security element (1) has a third volume hologram in a second volume hologram layer.

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the security element in at least one third area (52) comprises a relief structure selected from the group:
• diffractive grating, Kinegram® or hologram, blazed grating, binary grating, multi-level phase grating, linear grating, crossed grating, hexagonal grating, asymmetrical or symmetrical grating structure, retroreflective structure, in particular binary or continuous freeform surfaces, diffractive or refractive macrostructure, in particular lens structure or microprism structure, microlens, microprism, zero-order diffraction structure, moth-eye structure or anisotropic or isotropic matte structure, or a superimposition or combinations of two or more of the above-named relief structures.

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the security element comprises at least one reflective layer (17r, 17r′, 17r1, 17r2) in at least one fourth area.

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first (21-30) and/or the at least one second (40-43) and/or the third and/or the fourth item of information represents one or more symbols, logos, motifs, images, signs or alphanumeric characters.

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first and/or second volume hologram layer has a layer thickness between 3 μm and 100 μm, preferably between 10 μm and 30 μm.

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first and/or second volume hologram layer is formed from a photopolymer, in particular from Omni DX 796 (DuPont), silver halide emulsions or dichromatic gelatin.

Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the security element (1) is bendable, in particular in that the shape of the security element (1) can be changed by the application of force.