Chemical sequestering of co2, nox and so2
OwnerGeorge Robert RICHARDSONinventor
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
The disclosure provides seven integrated methods for the chemical sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (collectively NOx, where x=1, 2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) using closed loop technology. The methods recycle process reagents and mass balance consumable reagents that can be made using electrochemical separation of sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl). The technology applies to marine and terrestrial exhaust gas sources for CO2, NOx and SO2. The integrated technology combines compatible and green processes that capture and/or convert CO2, NOx and SO2 into compounds that enhance the environment, many with commercial value.
Claims23
A method of chemically sequestering sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) by a loop sequence, comprising:
- a) providing a mixture of SO2, NO, NO2, CO2, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and water (H2O) in the one or more second reaction chambers;
- b) reacting SO2 with NaOCl and H2O to generate sodium chloride (NaCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in the mixture;
- c) reacting NO and NO2 with NaOCl and H2O to generate sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the mixture;
- d) reacting CO2 with NaOCl and H2O to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in the mixture;
- e) reacting NO and NO2 with NaOH and NaOCl to generate sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and H2O in the mixture;
- f) reacting CO2 with NaOH to provide NaHCO3 in the mixture;
- g) adding an alcohol solvent to the mixture, forcing the generated NaCl NaHCO3 and Na2SO4 to precipitate, and removing the precipitate from the mixture;
- h) removing the alcohol solvent from the mixture;
- i) adding a dialkyl ketone solvent to the mixture, forcing the generated NaNO2, NaNO3 to precipitate, and removing the precipitate from the mixture;
- j) removing the dialkyl ketone solvent from the mixture;
- k) optionally adding NaOCl, NaOH and/or H2O to the mixture;
- and
- l) adding SO2, NO, NO2 and CO2 to the mixture in the one or more second reaction chambers and reacting the mixture according to step b to complete the loop sequence.
A method of chemically sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) by a loop sequence, comprising:
- a) providing a mixture of CO2, lithium hydroxide (LiOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) and water (H2O) in one or more reaction chambers;
- b) reacting CO2 with LiOH to generate lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and water (H2O) in the mixture;
- c) reacting Li2CO3 with NaOH or KOH to generate LiOH, and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) or potassium carbonate (K2CO3) in the mixture;
- d) reacting Na2CO3 or K2CO3 with CO2 and H2O to generate sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) in the mixture;
- e) adding an alcohol solvent to the mixture, forcing the generated NaHCO3 or KHCO3 to precipitate, and removing the precipitated NaHCO3 or KHCO3 from the solution;
- f) removing the alcohol solvent from the mixture;
- g) optionally adding NaOH or KOH, and/or H2O to the mixture;
- and
- h) adding CO2 to the mixture in the one or more reaction chambers and reacting the mixture according to step b to complete the loop sequence.
A system for chemically sequestering sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), comprising:
- a) one or more first reaction chambers for quenching/absorbing SO2, NO, NO2 and CO2 with water (H2O), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution;
- b) an electrochemical generator for reacting sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl) and H2O to generate NaOH or KOH, hydrogen (H2) and chlorine (Cl2), wherein NaOH or KOH reacts with Cl2 to generate sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or potassium hypochlorite (KOCl) and H2O;
- c) one or more second reaction chambers for chemically sequestering SO2, NO, NO2 and CO2 by a loop sequence, wherein the generated NaOH or KOH, and NaOCl or KOCl are optionally fed into the one or more second reaction chambers;
- and
- d) one or more third reaction chambers for chemically sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) by another loop sequence, wherein the generated NaOH or KOH is optionally fed into the one or more third reaction chambers.
- e) an aerosol conveying dry or moist LiOH granules or nano-granules that contact gas phase CO2 or CO2 dissolved/suspended in liquid droplets resulting in a reaction. The reaction product and excess reactants are subsequently captured in a mist or liquid that is ultimately recirculated in this process sequence.
- f) devices to promote mass transfer of gas phase CO2, NOx and SO2 into to liquid phase. For example:
- droplets containing a reagent formed with or without mechanical/hydraulic shear, sprayed into a gas.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.