Ionic Threading Apparatus

An ion engine comprising:

• A bank of dedicated ion emitters, renewable power bank that feed bank of emitters, electrically insulating processing chambers with exhaust channels, supplemental bank of varying force electromagnets, electromagnetic gates, Faraday Cages, and means of measurement and control of toroidal flows

An ion engine comprising:

• A bank of dedicated primary processing chambers, power bank that feed primary processing chambers, special design that augments spins exhausted from primary processing chambers, electrically insulating secondary processing chambers with exhaust channels, supplemental bank of varying force electromagnets, electromagnetic gates, Faraday Cages, means of measurement and control of toroidal flows.

An ion engine comprising:

• A bank of dedicated secondary processing chambers, power bank that feed secondary processing chambers, special design that augments spins exhausted from secondary processing chambers, electrically insulating tertiary processing chambers with exhaust channels, supplemental bank of varying force electromagnets, electromagnetic gates, Faraday Cages, means of measurement and control of toroidal flows

An ion engine comprising:

• A bank of dedicated tertiary processing chambers, power bank that feed tertiary processing chambers, special design that augments spins exhausted from tertiary processing chambers, additional electrically insulating processing chambers with exhaust channels

Means for preparing a dense, hot toroidal plasma having a confining magnetic field with toroidal and poloidal components, comprising:

• A bank of free radical sources distributed around the plasma chamber, electrically insulating processing chambers with exhaust channels, varying force electromagnets surrounding the plasma chamber, varying force electromagnets surrounding the plasma chamber as electromagnetic gates, Faraday shields.

Means for preparing a dense, hot toroidal plasma having a confining magnetic field with toroidal and poloidal components, in additional processing chambers, comprising:

• A bank of primary processing chambers as free radical sources distributed around processing chambers, electrically insulating processing chambers with exhaust channels, varying force electromagnets surrounding a portion of the plasma chambers to assist and control Toroidal cloud, varying force electromagnets surrounding a portion of the plasma chamber to serve as electromagnetic gates, Faraday shields

The solid state AC switching power supply driving an AC current in the free radical sources, inducing a flow of ions directly inside the processing chamber that form a toroidal plasma, increasing the pressure of these particles, which are discharged under controlled conditions after target levels of pressure are attained.

A design and method for generating steady state confining current for a toroidal plasma exceeding the power dissipated in said plasma, comprising:

• A bank of dedicated ion emitters as free radical sources distributed around the processing chamber, renewable power bank that feed bank of emitters as a solid state AC switching power supply comprising one or more switching semiconductor devices coupled to a voltage supply and having an output coupled to various free radical sources, electrically insulating processing chambers with opening at one end to serve as exhaust channels, supplemental bank of varying force electromagnets, electromagnetic gates, Faraday Cages, means of measurement and control of toroidal flows.