Memory system and method of operating the same

A method of operating a memory system, which comprises a memory device including a plurality of pages, and a memory controller configured to correct an error in read data obtained by reading a selected page among the plurality of pages, and determine whether to perform a refresh operation on the selected page based on a number of error bits in the read data, the method comprising:

• reading the selected page to obtain the read data;
• correcting the error in the read data;
• determining the number of error bits in the read data when correction of the error in the read data passed;
• and
• controlling the refresh operation on the selected page based on the number of error bits in the read data.

A memory controller controlling a memory device including a plurality of pages, the memory controller comprising:

• a normal read operation controller configured to control a read operation on a selected page among the plurality of pages and determine a number of error bits in read data read from the memory device during the read operation;
• an error correction performance component configured to correct the error in the read data;
• and
• a data recovery controller configured to control a refresh operation on the selected page based on the number of error bits in the read data when the error in the read data is corrected.

An operating method of a controller, the operating method comprising:

• providing first data, which has been successfully read from a physical page, to a host;
• controlling a memory device to read second data from a least significant page corresponding to the physical page;
• and
• controlling, based on difference between the first and second data, the memory device to selectively perform a refresh operation on the physical page or a read reclaim operation on a block including the physical page.

An operating method of a controller, the operating method comprising:

• providing read data, which has been successfully read from a page, to a host;
• controlling a memory device to read block data from two or more pages in a block including the page;
• detecting a number of error bits in the block data;
• and
• controlling, based on the number of error bits detected in the block data, the memory device to selectively perform a refresh operation on the page or a read reclaim operation on the block.