Liquid electrophotographic ink compositions

A method of producing a liquid electrophotographic ink composition comprising:

• dissolving a charge adjuvant in a dispersion of a thermoplastic resin in a liquid carrier;
• wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises a polymer having acidic side groups;
• and
• wherein the charge adjuvant comprises
• a complex of a metal(II) cation and two monovalent anions;
• or
• a complex of a metal(III) cation and monovalent three anions;
• or
• a complex of a metal(III) cation, a monovalent anion and a divalent anion;
• wherein each monovalent anion is independently selected from carbon/late anions having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms and alkoxide anions having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms;
• and
• wherein the divalent anion is selected from the oxo group, dicarboxylate anions having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms and alkoxide anions having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms.

A printed substrate comprising:

• a substrate;
• and
• a liquid electrophotographic ink composition disposed on the substrate;
• wherein the liquid electrophotographic ink composition comprises:
• a thermoplastic resin comprising a polymer having acidic side groups;
• and
• a charge adjuvant comprising
• a complex of a metal(II) cation and two monovalent anions;
• or
• a complex of a metal(III) cation and three monovalent anions;
• or
• a complex of a metal(III) cation, a monovalent anion and a divalent anion;
• wherein each monovalent anion is independently selected from carbon/late anions having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms and alkoxide anions having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms;
• and
• wherein the divalent anion is selected from the oxo group, dicarboxylate anions having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms and dialkoxide anions having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms.