Water purification systems and methods having pressurized draw stream

A system comprising:

• a forward osmosis system configured to:
• receive a feed stream of a food or beverage having one or more solutes therein through a first side and a draw stream through a second side, the draw stream is circulated at a higher hydrostatic pressure and a higher osmotic pressure than the feed stream wherein a draw-to-feed osmotic pressure differential is at least 10 times higher than a draw-to-feed hydrostatic pressure differential;
• and
• generate a diluted draw stream in the second side, the diluted draw stream has a higher water concentration than the draw stream;
• and
• a concentration system configured to circulate the diluted draw stream to separate water from the diluted draw stream to at least partially regenerate the draw stream and recover a permeate.

A method, comprising:

• introducing a feed stream of a food or beverage having one or more solutes therein into a first side of a forward osmosis system in a first direction, wherein the forward osmosis system includes a forward osmosis membrane separating the first side from a second side of the forward osmosis system;
• circulating a draw stream comprising a marker through the second side of the forward osmosis system in a direction opposite the first direction at a higher hydrostatic pressure and a higher osmotic pressure than the feed stream wherein a draw-to-feed osmotic pressure differential is at least 10 times higher than a draw-to-feed hydrostatic pressure differential;
• generating a diluted draw stream in the second side of the forward osmosis system, the diluted draw stream having a higher water concentration than the draw stream;
• and
• at least partially regenerating the draw stream from the diluted draw stream.