# US 2022/0035899 A1 · Apparatus and method for authenticating a user > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2022/0035899 A1 - Document ID: US20220035899A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/276,314 - Filed: 2018-09-18 - Published: 2022-02-03 - Earliest claimed: 2018-09-18 - Assignees: Nokia Technologies Oy - Applicants: Nokia Technologies Oy - Inventors: Yoan Jean Claude MICHE; Aapo KALLIOLA; Ian Justin OLIVER - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20220035899A1 ## CPC - G06F 21/32: using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voiceprints - A61B 34/75: {Manipulators having means for prevention or compensation of hand tremors} - B25J 13/00: Controls for manipulators (program controls B25J9/16) - B25J 13/02: Hand grip control means {(handles or pedals for crane control B66C13/56; for measuring the force applied to control members G01L5/22; hand-held casings for switching devices, e.g. joy-sticks H01H9/0214)} - B25J 13/06: Control stands, e.g. consoles, switchboards - G06F 21/44: Program or device authentication - G06N 3/08: Learning methods - G06N 3/09: Supervised learning - G06N 20/00: Machine learning - H04L 63/083: {using passwords (cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication using a predetermined code H04L9/3226)} - H04L 63/0861: {using biometrical features, e.g. fingerprint, retina-scan (cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication using biological data H04L9/3231)} - H04W 12/06: Authentication - H04W 12/68: Gesture-dependent or behaviour-dependent - A61B 34/35: for telesurgery - A61B 34/74: {Manipulators with manual electric input means} - G06F 3/011: {Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality (blind teaching G09B21/00)} - H04L 67/025: for remote control or remote monitoring of applications - H04L 67/131: Protocols for games, networked simulations or virtual reality - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - B25J: MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES ({manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery A61B34/70; manipulators used in cleaning hollow articles B08B9/04}; manipulators associated with rolling mills B21B39/20; manipulators associated with forging machines B21J13/10; {manipulators associated with picking-up and placing mechanisms B23P19/007}; means for holding wheels or parts thereof B60B30/00; {vehicles with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members B62D57/02, B62D57/032; devices for picking-up and depositing articles or materials between conveyors B65G47/90, B65G47/91; manipulators with gripping or holding means for transferring packages B65H67/065}; cranes B66C; {manipulators used in the protection or supervision of pipe-line installations F17D5/00; walking equipment adapted for nuclear steam-generators F22B37/006}; manipulators specially adapted for, or associated with, nuclear reactors G21C; {apparatus used for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor H10P72/50}) - G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: receiving (41) a control signal from a user-operated control apparatus for controlling a remote apparatus, extracting (42) a user noise signal from the received control signal, determining (43) if the user noise signal meets one or more predetermined criteria and authenticating (44) a user of the control apparatus at least partially based on the user noise signal determination. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the apparatus to perform: receive a control signal from a user-operated control apparatus for controlling a remote apparatus; extract a user noise signal from the received control signal; determine if the user noise signal meets one or more predetermined criteria; and authenticate a user of the control apparatus at least partially based on the user noise signal determination. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is further caused to identify a user from whom the control signal is received, and wherein the apparatus being caused to determine if the user noise signal meets the predetermined criteria includes the apparatus being caused to compare the user noise signal with stored user noise signature data corresponding to the identified user. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the apparatus being caused to identify the user comprises the apparatus being caused receive user-input prior to receive the control signal. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the received user-input comprises one or more of a password, fingerprint, or other biometric data. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the stored user noise signature data indicates one or more user noise thresholds, and wherein the user noise signal is determined as meeting the criteria if the comparison indicates that the user noise signal is below or within the one or more user noise thresholds. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the stored user noise signature data is a user noise learned model, generated using one or more prior training operations, for classifying whether or not the received user noise signal is below or within the one or more noise thresholds. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused, prior to receiving the control signal, to perform training to generate the user noise learned model, the training comprising the apparatus being caused to receive from the user a plurality of control signals corresponding to operation of the remote apparatus, extract a plurality of user noise signals corresponding to each training control signal, and generate the learned model iteratively at least partially based on the plurality of user noise signals. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus being caused to extract the user noise signal from the control signal comprises the apparatus being caused to subtract a command signal from the control signal, wherein the command signal is configured to control the remote apparatus. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the command signal is a command signal learned model, generated using one or more prior training operations, for classifying whether or not the received command signal is below or within one or more command thresholds. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus is further caused to, prior to receiving the control signal, perform training to generate the command signal learned model, the training comprising the apparatus being caused to receive from the user a plurality of control signals corresponding to operation of the remote apparatus, extract a plurality of command signals corresponding to each training control signal, and generate the learned model iteratively at least partially based on the plurality of command signals. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the command signal is determined by filtering out noise from the control signal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the noise includes the user noise signal and a hardware noise signal, wherein the hardware noise signal corresponds to the control apparatus. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predetermined criteria is or are met at least partially based on the probability that the user noise signal is the same as a stored noise signature is above a predetermined threshold. ### Claim at position 14 14-20. (canceled) ### Claim 21 A method, comprising: receiving a control signal from a user-operated control apparatus for controlling a remote apparatus; extracting a user noise signal from the received control signal; determining if the user noise signal meets one or more predetermined criteria; and authenticating a user of the control apparatus at least partially based on the user noise signal determination. ### Claim at position 16 22-27. (canceled) ### Claim 28 (depends on 45) The method of claim 45, wherein extracting the user noise signal from the control signal comprises subtracting the command signal from the control signal, wherein the command signal is configured to control the remote apparatus. ### Claim at position 18 29-30. (canceled) ### Claim 31 (depends on 28) The method of claim 28, wherein the command signal is determined by filtering out noise from the control signal. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The method of claim 31, wherein the noise includes the user noise signal and a hardware noise signal, wherein the hardware noise signal corresponds to the control apparatus. ### Claim at position 21 33-38. (canceled) ### Claim 39 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, wherein the remote apparatus is a robot for being mechanically controlled by the control apparatus. ### Claim at position 23 40-42. (canceled) ### Claim 43 A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-readable code, which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to perform a method, comprising: receiving a control signal from a user-operated control apparatus for controlling a remote apparatus; extracting a user noise signal from the received control signal; determining if the user noise signal meets one or more predetermined criteria; and authenticating a user of the control apparatus at least partially based on the user noise signal determination. ### Claim 44 (canceled) ### Claim 45 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, wherein the control signal comprises multiple signal components, the multiple signal components comprising a command signal and one or more noise signals.