Biosensor for Male Infertility

A method of manufacturing a biosensor comprising a JUNO protein, the method comprising:

• a) providing a substrate,
• b) providing the JUNO protein or a fragment thereof, wherein the fragment is capable of binding to a sperm or to IZUMO1, and
• c) immobilizing the JUNO protein or fragment thereof on the substrate, and
• d) providing means for determining binding of a sperm cell to a protein immobilized on the substrate,
• thereby manufacturing a biosensor comprising the JUNO protein.

A hand-held device for detection or quantification of sperm function, the device comprising:

• a) an inlet for a sample,
• b) a biosensor for detection or quantification of sperm binding function, the biosensor comprising a substrate and a JUNO protein or a fragment thereof,
• wherein the fragment is capable of binding to a sperm or to IZUMO1, and
• wherein the JUNO protein or the fragment thereof is immobilized on the substrate, and
• wherein the biosensor is configured for determining binding of a sperm cell to a protein immobilized on the substrate,
• c) a detector configured to receive a signal from the substrate and transform it into a format readable by a user, and
• d) optionally, means for separating cellular components from the sample.