Robust self-regeneratable stiff living materials

(canceled)

(canceled)

-9. (canceled)

(canceled)

(canceled)

(canceled)

-22. (canceled)

A method of fabricating an ELM, wherein the ELM has a Young's Modulus of at least 5 Gpa, comprising proliferating a plurality of engineered xerotolerant microbial cells to produce a population of engineered living xerotolerant microbial cells;

• isolating and casting said living xerotolerant microbial cells onto a substrate;
• and allowing the isolated cells to dry;
• thereby forming an ELM.

(canceled)

(canceled)

(canceled)

(canceled)

-37. (canceled)

-45. (canceled)

(canceled)

An engineered biomaterial, comprising a plurality of microbial cells, wherein

• the biomaterial does not comprise extracellular components,
• the biomaterial does not comprise living microbial cells, and
• the biomaterial has a Young's Modulus of at least 5 Gpa.

(canceled)

-54. (canceled)

-62. (canceled)

-65. (canceled)

(canceled)

A method of fabricating a biomaterial, wherein the biomaterial has a Young's Modulus of at least 5 Gpa, comprising proliferating a plurality of engineered xerotolerant microbial cells to produce a population of engineered living xerotolerant microbial cells;

• isolating and casting said living xerotolerant microbial cells onto a substrate;
• and desiccating the isolated cells;
• thereby forming the biomaterial.

(canceled)

-73. (canceled)

-76. (canceled)

(canceled)

(canceled)

-83. (canceled)

(canceled)