Substances, vaccines and methods for diagnosing and reducing incidences of transplant rejection

A noninvasive method of screening a cardiac allograft recipient for being at-risk for developing cardiac allograft vasculopathy, the method comprising the steps of:

• withdrawing at least one biological sample from a cardiac allograft recipient;
• and
• analyzing the at least one biological sample for one or more biomarkers indicative of the presence of fibrin deposits within the cardiac allograft microvasculature;
• wherein detection of the one or more biomarkers indicates that the cardiac allograft recipient is at-risk for or developing cardiac allograft vasculopathy;
• and
• administering a treatment comprising inducing alternative M2 anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization if allograft recipient is at-risk for or developing cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

A noninvasive method of diagnosing the early onset of chronic allograft rejection, the method comprising the steps of:

• measuring an amount of a first natural antibody within at least one biological sample from a cardiac allograft recipient;
• comparing the amount of the first natural antibody in the biological sample with the amount of the first natural antibody in a healthy control sample;
• analyzing the at least one biological sample for one or more biomarkers indicative of the presence of fibrin deposits within the cardiac allograft microvasculature;
• wherein a decrease in the amount of the first natural antibody in the sample from the cardiac allograft recipient as compared to the amount of the first natural antibody in the healthy control sample indicates a diagnosis of the allograft recipient being either at-risk for or developing chronic allograft rejection;
• and
• administering a treatment option if detection of the one or more biomarkers in the at least one biological sample indicates that the cardiac allograft recipient is at-risk for or developing cardiac allograft vasculopathy, wherein the treatment option induces alternative M2 anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in the allograft recipient.