# US 2021/0344208 A1 · EV Charging System for Micromobility Vehicles Having a Battery Management System with Control and Discharge Electronics > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2021/0344208 A1 - Document ID: US20210344208A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/301,952 - Filed: 2021-04-20 - Published: 2021-11-04 - Earliest claimed: 2020-04-21 - Assignees: ZapBatt, Inc. - Applicants: ZapBatt, Inc. - Inventors: Charles Welch; David Felzer - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210344208A1 ## CPC - H02J 7/825: {Detection of fully charged condition} - B60L 3/04: Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions (protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H) - B60L 53/60: Monitoring or controlling charging stations - B60L 58/13: Maintaining the SoC within a determined range - B60L 58/22: Balancing the charge of battery modules - H01M 4/485: of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy (H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence) - H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries - H01M 10/425: {Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing (printed circuits H05K1/00)} - H01M 10/441: {for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially} - H01M 10/482: {for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially} - H01M 10/488: {Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density} - H01M 50/249: specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains (constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles B60L50/64) - H01M 50/296: characterised by terminals of battery packs (terminals of batteries H01M50/543) - H01M 50/51: Connection only in series - H02J 7/54: Passive balancing, e.g. using resistors or parallel MOSFETs - H02J 7/82: Control of state of charge [SOC] - B60L 2210/30: AC to DC converters - B60L 2240/527: Voltage - B60L 2240/529: Current - H01M 2010/4271: {Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing} - H01M 2220/20: Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane - H02J 3/32: using batteries or super capacitors with converting means - H02J 2105/37: exchanging power with electric vehicles [EV] or with hybrid electric vehicles [HEV] - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries - Y02T 10/7072: Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors - Y02T 10/72: Electric energy management in electromobility - Y02T 90/12: Electric charging stations - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract A micromobility vehicle charging system for charging a lithium titanate battery pack is provided. The system is configured to be interposed between a vehicle battery pack and an electrical connector for electric vehicles. The system includes a charging unit configured to charge a battery pack having a plurality of rechargeable cells, the charging unit configured to monitor the charging state and status of each cell during both charging and discharging. A balancing unit electrically coupled to the charging unit is configured to balance voltage across each rechargeable cell of the plurality of rechargeable cells. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An electric vehicle charging system for micromobility vehicles, comprising a power/battery management system configured to be electrically connected to, and interposed between, a plurality of rechargeable cells in a lithium-ion or lithium titanate battery pack and an electrical connector for electric vehicles connected to an active vehicle side control board module, said battery management system (BMS) including a charging unit, a balancing unit electrically coupled to said charging unit and configured to balance voltage across each rechargeable cell of the plurality of rechargeable cells, and a display unit electrically coupled to said charging unit and configured to display at least one parameter indicative of a charge status of the battery pack, said power/battery management system further including an AC-DC power converter to convert AC power to DC power for delivery to said BMS. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1, wherein said balancing unit is further configured to balance the voltage across each rechargeable cell of the plurality of rechargeable cells during charging of the battery pack, based on a threshold cell voltage, a threshold battery capacity, and a threshold cell voltage variance. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 2, wherein to balance the voltage across each rechargeable cell of the plurality of rechargeable cells during the charging of the battery pack, the balancing unit is further configured to: obtain a current cell voltage, a current battery capacity, and a current cell voltage variance; determine if the current cell voltage is less than the threshold cell voltage; determine if the current battery capacity and the current cell voltage variance are greater than the threshold battery capacity and the threshold cell voltage variance; and balance the voltage across each rechargeable cell of the plurality of rechargeable cells, based on determination that: the current cell voltage is less than the threshold cell voltage, the current battery capacity is greater than the threshold battery capacity and the current cell voltage variance is greater than the threshold cell voltage variance. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 3, wherein the balancing unit is further configured to balance the voltage across each rechargeable cell of the plurality of rechargeable cells by bypassing a charging current through one or more discharge resistors. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1, wherein the balancing unit is further configured to transmit a command to the charging unit to disable charging of the battery pack, when at least one rechargeable cell of the plurality of rechargeable cells is charged to full capacity. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1, wherein the charging unit is further configured to measure, at regular time intervals, a voltage across the battery pack and a voltage across each rechargeable cell of the plurality of rechargeable cells. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1, wherein the battery pack is electrically coupled to the balancing unit via a battery terminal connector. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 7, wherein the battery terminal connector includes a plurality of lug connectors. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of rechargeable cells is connected in a series configuration and each rechargeable cell of the plurality of rechargeable cells connected in the series configuration is connected to the balancing unit using the plurality of lug connectors. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1, wherein the display unit is electrically coupled to the charging unit via a pigtail cable. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1, wherein the display unit includes an Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) display. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter indicative of the charge status of the battery pack includes a battery pack capacity, a charging current, a discharge current, and a fault notification. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1, further comprising a heat sink configured to liberate heat energy generated by one or more power electronics components on the charging board. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1, wherein during the charging of the battery pack, discharge of the battery pack across a load is disabled. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 14, wherein the discharge of the battery pack across the load is enabled in case of disconnection of the charging unit. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1, wherein said electrical connector for electric vehicles is an SAE J1772 electric vehicle conductive charge coupler. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 16, wherein said active vehicle control side board is an ACV2. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1, wherein said active vehicle control side board is an ACV2. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1, wherein said AC-DC power converter comprises an AC rectifier connected to at least one AD-DC power module. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The electric vehicle charging system of claim 19, wherein said AC-DC converter includes a plurality of AC-DC power modules connected in parallel.