# US 2021/0279939 A1 · Systems and methods for evaluating and reducing negative dysphotopsia > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2021/0279939 A1 - Document ID: US20210279939A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/057,634 - Filed: 2019-11-29 - Published: 2021-09-09 - Earliest claimed: 2018-11-30 - Assignees: AMO Groningen B.V. - Applicants: AMO Groningen B.V. - Inventors: Mihai State; Robert Rosen; Sieger Meijer; Aixa Alarcon Heredia; Carmen Canovas Vidal - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210279939A1 ## CPC - B62M 11/06: with spur gear wheels (B62M11/14 takes precedence) - G16H 50/50: for simulation or modelling of medical disorders - A61F 2/164: {Aspheric lenses} - A61F 2/1645: {Toric lenses} - G02C 7/049: {Contact lenses having special fitting or structural features achieved by special materials or material structures} - G06T 7/0012: {Biomedical image inspection} - G06T 15/06: Ray-tracing - G06T 17/00: Three-dimensional [3D] modelling for computer graphics - A61F 2/16: Intraocular lenses - A61F 2240/002: Designing or making customized prostheses - B62M 1/36: with rotary cranks, e.g. with pedal cranks (B62M1/34 takes precedence; combined with reciprocating levers B62M1/26; cranks which can be immobilised as foot rests B62M5/00) - G02C 7/028: {Special mathematical design techniques} - G06T 2207/30041: Eye; Retina; Ophthalmic - G06T 2210/41: Medical - G06T 2215/16: Using real world measurements to influence rendering - B62M: RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR {SINGLE-TRACK} CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of transmissions in vehicles in general B60K; transmission elements per se F16) - G16H: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA - A61F: FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS (dental prosthetics A61C) - G02C: SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES (trial frames for testing the eyes A61B3/04; goggles or eyeshields not having the same features as spectacles A61F9/00) - G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL ## Abstract Systems and methods for evaluating ND are described herein. An example method can include constructing a non-sequential (NSC) ray-tracing model of an eye with an ophthalmic lens, and modelling a light source and a detector. The detector can be configured to mimic a retina of the eye. The method can also include computing irradiance data using the light source, the NSC ray-tracing model, and the detector. Irradiance data can be computed for each of a plurality of pupil sizes. The method can further include evaluating ND by analyzing the respective irradiance data for each of the pupil sizes. Also described herein are methods for designing an ophthalmic lens edge that reduces the incidence of ND for a given ophthalmic lens by adjusting the edge thickness and/or the scatter. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A computer-implemented method, comprising: constructing a non-sequential (NSC) ray-tracing model of an eye with an ophthalmic lens; modelling a light source and a detector, wherein the detector is configured to mimic a retina of the eye; for each of a plurality of pupil sizes, computing irradiance data using the light source, the NSC ray-tracing model, and the detector; and evaluating negative dysphotopsia (ND) by analyzing the respective irradiance data for each of the pupil sizes. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein analyzing the respective irradiance data for each of the pupil sizes comprises determining a retinal illumination gap between light refracted by the ophthalmic lens and light refracted only by a cornea of the eye. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1, 2) The computer-implemented method of any one of claim 1 or 2, wherein the respective irradiance data in the temporal visual field is analyzed. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1, 2, 3) The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the irradiance data is at least one of an irradiance map or a cross-sectional irradiance profile. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the irradiance data is a cross-sectional irradiance profile, the method further comprising deriving at least one of ND angular location, ND angular width, local contrast, or local area of reciprocal irradiance using the cross-sectional irradiance profile. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising constructing a sequential ray-tracing model of the eye using biometrical patient data. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the ophthalmic lens is modeled as a three-dimensional (3D) object. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising generating a 3D model of the ophthalmic lens. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7, 8) The computer-implemented method of any one of claim 7 or 8, further comprising adjusting the position or orientation of the 3D object within the eye. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the light source is a wide angle high divergence light source. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the detector is a spherical or aspherical detector. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the detector is defined by an aspheric equation. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the detector is defined by a toric aspheric equation. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 1-13, further comprising: constructing a respective NSC ray-tracing model of the eye with each of a plurality of ophthalmic lenses, wherein each of the ophthalmic lenses is configured for a different degree of edge scattering; and for each of the pupil sizes, computing irradiance data using the light source, the respective NSC ray-tracing models, and the detector. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The computer-implemented method of claim 14, further comprising selecting an ophthalmic lens design that reduces ND from the plurality of ophthalmic lenses. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15) The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 1-15, further comprising: constructing a respective NSC ray-tracing model of the eye with each of a plurality of ophthalmic lenses, wherein each of the ophthalmic lenses has a different edge thickness; and for each of the pupil sizes, computing irradiance data using the light source, the respective NSC ray-tracing models, and the detector. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The computer-implemented method of claim 16, further comprising selecting an ophthalmic lens design that reduces ND from the plurality of ophthalmic lenses. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the ophthalmic lens is an intraocular lens (IOL). ### Claim 19 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) A method for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens evaluated according to the method of any one of claims 1-18. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19) A method for creating a physical eye model including an ophthalmic lens evaluated according to the method of any one of claims 1-19. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the physical eye model further includes at least one of a cornea, a pupil, a holder for the ophthalmic lens, a light source, or an electronic light sensor. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, wherein a characteristic of at least one of the cornea, the pupil, or the ophthalmic lens resembles an optical characteristic of the NSC ray-tracing model. ### Claim 23 (depends on 21, 22) The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein a characteristic of at least one of the light source or the electronic light sensor resembles an optical characteristic of the modeled light source or the modeled detector, respectively. ### Claim 24 (depends on 20, 21, 22, 23, 24) A method for indirectly quantifying edge frosting effect of an ophthalmic lens, comprising: obtaining measurements using an off-axis modulation transfer function (MTF) bench, the physical eye model according to any one of claims 20-24, and an electronic light sensor; and quantifying edge frosting effect of the ophthalmic lens by inputting the measurements into a non-sequential (NSC) ray-tracing model of an eye with an ophthalmic lens. ### Claim 25 A computer-implemented method for reducing the detectability of negative dysphotopsia (ND), comprising: constructing a respective NSC ray-tracing model of the eye with an ophthalmic lens for each of a plurality of different ophthalmic lens edge designs; modelling a light source and a detector, wherein the detector is configured to mimic a retina of the eye; for each of a plurality of pupil sizes, computing irradiance data using the light source, the respective NSC ray-tracing models, and the detector; evaluating ND by analyzing the respective irradiance data for each of the pupil sizes; and selecting one of the different ophthalmic lens edge designs to reduce ND. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The computer-implemented method of claim 25, wherein the one of the different ophthalmic lens edge designs reduces a retinal illumination gap between light refracted by the ophthalmic lens and light refracted only by a cornea of the eye. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The computer-implemented method of claim 26, wherein the one of the different ophthalmic lens edge designs minimizes the retinal illumination gap between light refracted by the ophthalmic lens and light refracted only by a cornea of the eye. ### Claim 28 (depends on 25, 26, 27) The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 25-27, further comprising optimizing the ophthalmic lens edge design for a given optics diameter. ### Claim 29 (depends on 25, 26, 27, 28) The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 25-28, further comprising optimizing the ophthalmic lens edge design for a given ophthalmic lens material. ### Claim 30 (depends on 25, 26, 27, 28, 29) The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 25-29, wherein the different ophthalmic lens edge designs comprise different Lambertian scattering coefficients. ### Claim 31 (depends on 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30) The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 25-30, wherein the different ophthalmic lens edge designs comprise different edge thicknesses. ### Claim 32 A system, comprising: a processor; and a memory operably coupled to the processor, wherein the memory has computer-executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the system to: construct a non-sequential (NSC) ray-tracing model of an eye with an ophthalmic lens; model a light source and a detector, wherein the detector is configured to mimic a retina of the eye; for each of a plurality of pupil sizes, compute irradiance data using the light source, the NSC ray-tracing model, and the detector; and evaluate negative dysphotopsia (ND) by analyzing the respective irradiance data for each of the pupil sizes. ### Claim 33 A non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to: construct a non-sequential (NSC) ray-tracing model of an eye with an ophthalmic lens; model a light source and a detector, wherein the detector is configured to mimic a retina of the eye; for each of a plurality of pupil sizes, compute irradiance data using the light source, the NSC ray-tracing model, and the detector; and evaluate negative dysphotopsia (ND) by analyzing the respective irradiance data for each of the pupil sizes.