# US 2021/0278364 A1 · Sensor system and methods of making

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- Number: US 2021/0278364 A1
- Document ID: US20210278364A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 17/330,216
- Filed: 2021-05-25
- Published: 2021-09-09
- Earliest claimed: 2019-12-23
- Assignees: NanoDX, Inc.
- Applicants: NanoDX, Inc.
- Inventors: Farhad Khosravi; David Bastable; Sergey A. Dryga
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210278364A1

## CPC

- G01N 27/04: by investigating resistance
- A61B 5/1477: non-invasive
- G01N 27/327: Biochemical electrodes {, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements}
- G01N 27/3278: {involving nanosized elements, e.g. nanogaps or nanoparticles (nanopores G01N33/48721; magnetic beads G01N27/745)}
- G01N 27/403: Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N 27/414: Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
- G01N 33/48707: {by electrical means (G01N33/49, G01N33/493 take precedence)}
- G01N 33/54366: {Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing}
- G01N 33/5438: {Electrodes}
- H10D 62/122: {oriented at angles to substrates, e.g. perpendicular to substrates}
- B82Y 15/00: Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
- G01N 27/26: by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- H10D: INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- B82Y: SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES

## Abstract

Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A sensor, comprising:
a plurality of pairs of electrodes; and
a plurality of nanowires,
wherein for greater than or equal to 10% of the pairs of electrodes, the two electrodes making up the pair are in electrical communication by exactly one nanowire.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A sensor as in claim 1, wherein the plurality of nanowires comprises nanowires having a length of greater than or equal to 5 microns and less than or equal to 50 microns.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

A sensor as in claim 1, wherein the plurality of nanowires comprises nanowires comprising single-crystalline silicon.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

A sensor as in claim 1, wherein the plurality of nanowires comprises nanowires having charged surfaces and/or comprises a binding entity.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

A sensor as in claim 1, wherein the plurality of nanowires comprises nanowires comprising a binding entity for a biomarker for brain injury.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

A sensor as in claim 1, wherein the plurality of nanowires comprises nanowires comprising a binding entity for small-molecule biomarker, lipids, and/or a viral protein.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

A sensor as in claim 6, wherein the viral protein is a human viral protein, a non-human animal viral protein, and/or a plant viral protein.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

A sensor as in claim 6, wherein the viral protein is a SARS-CoV-2 protein, an influenza virus protein, a zika virus protein, a parainfluenza virus protein, a HIV1 virus protein, and/or a HHV virus protein.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

A sensor as in claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a blocking layer.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

A sensor as in claim 9, wherein the blocking layer is disposed on the plurality of nanowires.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

A sensor as in claim 9, wherein the blocking layer comprises a protein.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

A sensor as in claim 9, wherein the blocking layer comprises a stabilizer which is removed upon contact with liquid.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

A method comprising exposing the sensor of claim 1 to a fluid.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

A method as in claim 13, wherein the fluid comprises a bodily fluid.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

A method as in claim 14, wherein the bodily fluid is blood, is plasma, is saliva, is tears, is urine, is a nasal fluid, is a nasopharyngeal fluid, was obtained through finger stick, was collected using a swab, and/or comprises a solid or viscous sample resuspended in another fluid.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

A sensor as in claim 1, wherein the sensor is configured to output a signal indicative of a concentration of the protein or other biomarker in a fluid.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

A fluidic device comprising a plurality of the sensors of claim 1.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

A sensor as in claim 1, wherein the pairs of electrodes in the plurality of pairs of electrodes are equidistant from a center point.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

A sensor as in claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises two or more groups of nanowires that are functionalized with different chemistries.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

A sensor as in claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises greater than or equal to 10 and fewer than or equal to 40 pairs of electrodes.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

A sensor as in claim 1, wherein the nanowire comprises a nucleic acid, DNA, RNA or peptide-nucleic acid complimentary to the genetic sequence to be detected.