# US 2021/0278044 A1 · System and method of storing and recovering energy by means of compressed gas, comprising a mixed layer of prestressed concrete > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2021/0278044 A1 - Document ID: US20210278044A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 16/332,461 - Filed: 2017-09-01 - Published: 2021-09-09 - Earliest claimed: 2016-09-13 - Assignees: Ifp Energies Nouvelles - Applicants: IFP Energies Nouvelles - Inventors: Navid SAEEDI - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210278044A1 ## CPC - F17C 1/00: Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge (pressurised apparatus for purposes other than storage, see the relevant subclasses such as A62C, B05B; associated with vehicles, see the appropriate subclass of classes B60 - B64; pressure vessels in general F16J12/00 {; autoclaves B01J3/04; tank vehicles B60P3/22; railway tank wagons for carrying fluent materials B61D5/00; accumulators for supplying fluid under pressure F15B1/04; liquefied gas stoves F24C3/00}) - F17C 1/06: built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires - E04H 7/20: Prestressed constructions - F02C 6/16: for storing compressed air - F17C 5/06: for filling with compressed gases - F17C 2201/0104: cylindrical - F17C 2201/0157: Polygonal - F17C 2201/052: large (>1000 m3) - F17C 2201/054: medium (>1 m3) - F17C 2203/0604: Liners - F17C 2203/0607: Coatings - F17C 2203/0609: Straps, bands or ribbons - F17C 2203/0621: with three layers - F17C 2203/0624: with four or more layers - F17C 2203/0639: Steels - F17C 2203/0648: Alloys or compositions of metals - F17C 2203/0678: Concrete - F17C 2203/0695: pre-constrained - F17C 2209/2145: by rotation - F17C 2209/2154: Winding - F17C 2209/221: Welding - F17C 2209/232: of walls - F17C 2221/031: Air - F17C 2223/0123: gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC - F17C 2223/036: Very high pressure (>80 bar) - F17C 2225/0123: gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC - F17C 2225/036: Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars - F17C 2227/0157: Compressors - F17C 2227/0365: with recovery of heat - F17C 2260/011: Improving strength - F17C 2260/017: by calculation - F17C 2260/046: Enhancing energy recovery - Y02E 60/16: Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids - F17C: VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES (storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth B65G5/00; construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques E04H7/00; variable-capacity gas-holders F17B; liquefaction or refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25) - E04H: BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL (foundations E02D) - F02C: GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (construction of turbines F01D; jet-propulsion plants F02K; construction of compressors or fans F04; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants F25B11/00) - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract The invention is a reservoir for the storage of a pressurized fluid such as compressed air. In particular, the reservoir comprises at least one tube formed of an arrangement of concentric layers (C1, C2, C3, C4). This arrangement comprises, working from the inside toward the outside of the tube, an internal layer (C1) formed of concrete, a layer (C2) formed of steel of thickness E, at least one layer (C3) formed by a winding of steel wires (C3″) on a sublayer (C3′) of concrete, and an external layer (C4) which protects the wires against at least one of physical and chemical damage, and in which the wires are subjected to circumferential (hoop) tensile prestress with at least one of the thickness E and the prestress being rated to withstand the pressure of pressurized fluid. Application notably to the storage and recovery of energy using compressed air. ## Claims ### Claim at position 1 -12. (canceled) ### Claim 13 A reservoir for storing a pressurized fluid including at least one tube formed as an arrangement of concentric layers, the arrangement comprising, working from the inside toward the outside of the tube, an internal layer formed of concrete, a layer formed of steel, at least one layer of wound steel wires disposed on a sublayer of concrete, and an external layer which protects the wires against at least one of physical and chemical damage, and in which the wires are circumferentially prestressed, and the at least one layer of steel wires wound on a sublayer is rated to withstand pressure of the pressurized fluid. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The reservoir as claimed in claim 13, wherein a diameter and spacing of the steel wires in an axial direction of the tube is dependent on the circumferential prestress. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The reservoir as claimed in claim 13, wherein the at least one tube comprises steel wires wound in layers on the concrete sublayer, and in which the prestress in the windings is determined according to a radial distance of the at least one layer from a center axis of the at least one tube. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The reservoir as claimed in claim 14, wherein the at least one tube comprises steel wires wound in layers on the concrete sublayer, and in which the prestress in the windings is determined according to a radial distance of the at least one layer from a center axis of the at least one tube. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The reservoir as claimed in claim 13, wherein the external layer comprises concrete or mortar. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) The reservoir as claimed in claim 14, wherein the external layer comprises concrete or mortar. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The reservoir as claimed in claim 15, wherein the external layer comprises concrete or mortar. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The reservoir as claimed in claim 16, wherein the external layer comprises concrete or mortar. ### Claim 21 (depends on 13) The reservoir as claimed in claim 13, wherein the steel layer is a steel tube of API grade X80. ### Claim 22 (depends on 13) The reservoir as claimed in claim 13, wherein the reservoir is formed of tubes, which are not coupled together. ### Claim 23 (depends on 13) The reservoir as claimed in claim 13, wherein the reservoir is formed of tubes, which are coupled together by welding or using an elastomer seal. ### Claim 24 (depends on 13) A method for manufacturing a reservoir for storing a pressurized fluid as claimed in claim 13, wherein, starting with a solid-steel tube of thickness and a reel of steel wire, at least the following steps are performed: a) forming an internal concrete layer on an inside of the steel tube; b) forming a concrete sublayer on an outside of the steel tube; c) winding the steel wires from the reel helically on the concrete sublayer while, subjecting the wires to circumferential tensile prestress; and d) providing an external layer which protects the steel wires against physical and chemical damage, and wherein at least one of the thickness and the prestress is dependent on pressure of the pressurized fluid. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The method as claimed in claim 24, wherein steps b) and c) are repeated to form layers formed by the winding of the steel wires on a concrete sublayer. ### Claim 26 (depends on 24) The method as claimed in claim 24, wherein at least the internal concrete layer and the concrete sublayer are formed by one of centrifugal spinning or vibration molding. ### Claim 27 (depends on 25) The method as claimed in claim 25, wherein at least the internal concrete layer and the concrete sublayer are formed by one of centrifugal spinning or vibration molding. ### Claim 28 (depends on 13) A system for storing and recovering energy by use of compressed gas comprising at least one means for compressing the gas, at least one reservoir for storing a pressurized fluid as claimed in claim 13, at least one means for expanding the compressed gas to generate energy, and at least one means for storing heat. ### Claim 29 (depends on 13) A method for storing and recovering energy by use of compressed gas, in which a method is performed having steps: a) compressing a gas; b) cooling the compressed gas by exchange of heat in a heat storage; c) storing the cooled gas in a reservoir for storing a pressurized fluid as claimed in claim 13; d) warming the cooled compressed gas by restitution of the heat stored in the heat storage; and e) expanding the warmed compressed gas to generate energy.