# US 2021/0277777 A1 · Directional drilling communication protocols, apparatus and methods > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2021/0277777 A1 - Document ID: US20210277777A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/328,410 - Filed: 2021-05-24 - Published: 2021-09-09 - Earliest claimed: 2013-03-14 - Assignees: Merlin Technology, Inc. - Applicants: Merlin Technology, Inc. - Inventors: ALBERT W. CHAU; Loc Viet Lam; Scott Phillips - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210277777A1 ## CPC - E21B 47/13: by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency - E21B 7/046: {horizontal drilling (drilling with mechanical conveying means E21B7/003)} - E21B 47/024: of devices in the borehole (determining slope or direction of the borehole E21B47/022) - E21B 47/12: Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling - E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS ## Abstract A transmitter is carried proximate to an inground tool for sensing a plurality of operational parameters relating to the inground tool. The transmitter customizes a data signal to characterize one or more of the operational parameters for transmission from the inground tool based on the operational status of the inground tool. A receiver receives the data signal and recovers the operational parameters. Advanced data protocols are described. Pitch averaging and enhancement of dynamic pitch range for accelerometer readings are described based on monitoring mechanical shock and vibration of the inground tool. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for use in conjunction with a system for performing an inground operation in which a drill string extends from a drill rig to an inground tool such that extension and retraction of the drill string generally produces corresponding movements of the inground tool during the inground operation, said apparatus comprising: a transmitter configured to be carried proximate to the inground tool for sensing a plurality of operational parameters relating to the inground tool, for detecting whether an operational status of the inground tool is stationary or moving as well as changes in the operational status, and for transmitting a data signal characterizing one or more of the plurality of operational parameters at a higher level of resolution when the inground tool is stationary and at a lower level of resolution when the inground tool is moving; and a receiver for positioning at an aboveground location for receiving the data signal and for recovering the plurality of operational parameters. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the transmitter is configured to determine the operational status of the inground tool as moving based on detecting at least one of movement and rotation of the inground tool. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the transmitted data characterizing one or more of the plurality of operational parameters includes a static pitch resolution protocol and a dynamic pitch resolution protocol. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the static pitch resolution protocol is higher in resolution than the dynamic pitch resolution protocol. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the transmitter is configured to detect a stationary state thereof and, responsive thereto, switch to a fixed length packet to characterize one or more of the plurality of operational parameters and, thereafter, repeatedly transmit the fixed length packet during the stationary state for reception by the receiver. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the transmitter is further configured to include at least one of a roll orientation, a pitch orientation, a battery status and a temperature of the transmitter as the characterized one or more of the plurality of operational parameters in the fixed packet length. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the plurality of operational parameters includes a roll orientation of the transmitter and the transmitter is configured to transmit a roll orientation packet that specifies the roll orientation when the inground tool is rotating and to suspend transmission of the roll orientation packet when the inground tool is not rotating. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of said plurality of operational parameters is a pitch orientation of the inground tool and said transmitter is configured to transmit a low resolution pitch packet responsive to detecting that the inground tool is moving and a high resolution pitch packet responsive to detecting that the inground tool is stationary. ### Claim 9 A transmitter for use in conjunction with a receiver as part of a system for performing an inground operation in which a drill string extends from a drill rig to an inground tool which supports the transmitter such that extension and retraction of the drill string generally produces corresponding movements of the inground tool during the inground operation, said transmitter comprising: at least one sensor for sensing one or more operational parameters relating to the inground tool to produce a sensor signal; and a processor configured for detecting whether the inground tool is stationary or moving based on the sensor signal, and for transmitting data characterizing one or more of the operational parameters at a higher level of resolution when the inground tool is stationary and at a lower level of resolution when the inground tool is moving. ### Claim 10 A transmitter for use in conjunction with a receiver as part of a system for performing an inground operation in which a drill string extends from a drill rig to an inground tool which supports the transmitter such that extension and retraction of the drill string generally produces corresponding movements of the inground tool during the inground operation, said transmitter comprising: at least one sensor for sensing one or more operational parameters relating to the inground tool; and a processor configured for transmitting a data signal using a plurality of packet communication protocols including a particular protocol that, responsive to detecting a stationary state of the transmitter, utilizes a fixed data frame to characterize the one or more operational parameters and repeatedly transmits the fixed data frame. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The transmitter of claim 10 configured to include at least one of a roll orientation, a pitch orientation, a battery status and a temperature of the transmitter in the fixed data frame. ### Claim 12 An apparatus for use in conjunction with a system for performing an inground operation in which a drill string extends from a drill rig to an inground tool such that extension and retraction of the drill string generally produces corresponding movements of the inground tool during the inground operation, said apparatus comprising: a transmitter configured to be carried proximate to the inground tool for sensing a plurality of operational parameters relating to the inground tool including a pitch orientation of the transmitter and for transmitting a data signal including a low resolution pitch packet responsive to detecting that the inground tool is moving and a high resolution pitch packet responsive to detecting that the inground tool is stationary; and a receiver for positioning at an aboveground location for receiving the data signal and for recovering the operational parameters. ### Claim 13 An apparatus for use in conjunction with a system for performing an inground operation in which a drill string extends from a drill rig to an inground tool such that extension and retraction of the drill string generally produces corresponding movements of the inground tool during the inground operation, said apparatus comprising: a transmitter configured to be carried proximate to the inground tool for sensing a plurality of operational parameters relating to the inground tool including a roll orientation of the transmitter and for transmitting a data signal including a low resolution roll packet responsive to detecting that the inground tool is moving and a high resolution roll packet responsive to detecting that the inground tool is stationary; and a receiver for positioning at an aboveground location for receiving the data signal and for recovering the operational parameters.