# US 2021/0276434 A1 · Method for Impedance-Controlled Fast Charging, Control Unit for a Charging System, Stored Energy Source, and Working Device > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2021/0276434 A1 - Document ID: US20210276434A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/251,664 - Filed: 2019-05-14 - Published: 2021-09-09 - Earliest claimed: 2018-06-13 - Assignees: Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft - Applicants: Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft - Inventors: Dave ANDRE; Christoph BAUER; Simon NUERNBERGER; Jan Philipp SCHMIDT - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210276434A1 ## CPC - B60L 53/11: {DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4} - B60L 53/62: in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge - B60L 58/10: for monitoring or controlling batteries - B60L 58/27: by heating - H02J 7/50: acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially - H02J 7/927: {with introduction of pulses during the charging process} - H02J 7/933: {the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters} - B60L 2240/547: Voltage - B60L 2240/549: Current - B60L 2240/80: Time limits - H02J 7/34: Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering (H02J7/14 takes precedence) - H02J 2105/37: exchanging power with electric vehicles [EV] or with hybrid electric vehicles [HEV] - Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries - Y02T 10/7072: Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors - Y02T 90/12: Electric charging stations - Y02T 90/14: Plug-in electric vehicles - B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract A method is provided for impedance-controlled fast charging of a stored electrical energy source of a working device, in particular of a stored energy source in a vehicle. In the method: a variable characteristic of an impedance of the stored energy source is detected; a present charging current for charging the stored electrical energy source is set as a function of the variable characteristic of the impedance; the present charging current is temporarily reduced with a steep edge by temporarily connecting a resistive load to the stored energy source and feeding the load using the stored energy source; and a voltage response of the stored energy source to the steep edge is detected as the variable characteristic of the impedance of the stored energy source and is used as the basis for setting the present charging current. ## Claims ### Claim at position 1 -12. (canceled) ### Claim 13 A method for impedance-controlled fast charging of a stored electrical energy source, the method comprising: detecting a variable characteristic of an impedance of the stored electrical energy source; setting a present charging current for charging the stored electrical energy source as a function of the variable characteristic of the impedance; temporarily reducing the present charging current with a steep edge by temporarily connecting a resistive load to the stored electrical energy source and feeding said resistive load using said stored electrical energy source; and detecting a voltage response of the stored electrical energy source to the steep edge as the variable characteristic of the impedance of the stored electrical energy source and using the voltage response as a basis for setting the present charging current. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein the stored electrical energy source is a vehicle energy store and the working device is a vehicle. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein a heater is employed as the resistive load and, for the reduction of the present charging current, is connected to the stored electrical energy source for operation of the heater. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method according to claim 15, wherein the heater is a dedicated heater for the stored electrical energy source. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method according to claim 16, wherein the heater is a battery-specific or cell-specific heater employed on or in the stored electrical energy source. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method according to claim 17, wherein the heater is configured as a sheet heating element. ### Claim 19 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein by way of the resistive load, a generator or electrical machine of the working device is employed in an active short-circuit state. ### Claim 20 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein by way of the resistive load, a further energy store to be charged is employed in a DC/DC coupling arrangement with the stored electrical energy source. ### Claim 21 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein charging of the stored electrical energy source is controlled or regulated: locally and/or decentrally for the stored electrical energy source, or centrally and in combination with the stored electrical energy source for a plurality of energy stores. ### Claim 22 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein the charging of a plurality of energy stores is controlled or regulated, wherein: detection of a voltage response of a fundamental or respective energy store is executed locally and/or decentrally, an evaluation and/or appraisal of the voltage responses of a plurality of energy stores is executed centrally, and/or a common charging strategy is selected for a plurality of energy stores on the basis of an energy store having a lowest impedance of all the energy stores. ### Claim 23 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein the temporary reduction of the present charging current is executed: for diagnostic purposes, at a frequency within a range of approximately 0.1 Hz to approximately 10 Hz, in the manner of a discharge pulse, having a pulse duration in a low-frequency component with a length of approximately 1 second, having a discharge time of 5 ms, having a control response to a decaying charging current of 995 ms, and/or having a pulse duration in the high-frequency component within the range of approximately 5 ms to approximately 10 ms; and/or for standardized intercalation, at a frequency within a range of approximately 50 Hz to approximately 200 Hz and/or at a scanning rate of 10%. ### Claim 24 A control unit for a charging system, comprising: a control chip and/or an ASIC arranged on or in a stored electrical energy source centrally or decentrally for one or more stored electrical energy sources, wherein the control unit is operatively configured to carry out the acts of: detecting a variable characteristic of an impedance of the stored electrical energy source; setting a present charging current for charging the stored electrical energy source as a function of the variable characteristic of the impedance; temporarily reducing the present charging current with a steep edge by temporarily connecting a resistive load to the stored electrical energy source and feeding said resistive load using said stored electrical energy source; and detecting a voltage response of the stored electrical energy source to the steep edge as the variable characteristic of the impedance of the stored electrical energy source and using the voltage response as a basis for setting the present charging current. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) A charging system for impedance-controlled fast charging, the system comprising: a stored electrical energy source of a working device; and a control unit according to claim 24. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The charging system according to claim 25, wherein the stored electrical energy source is a vehicle energy store and the working device is a vehicle. ### Claim 27 (depends on 24) A working device, comprising: a stored electrical energy source; and a control unit according to claim 24, wherein the control unit is separate from or incorporated in the stored electrical energy source. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The working device according to claim 27, wherein the working device is a vehicle and the stored electrical energy source is a vehicle energy store.