Nanotube sensors and related methods

A method of using a nanotube sensor, the method comprising:

• flowing a sample over an array of nanotubes formed on a substrate;
• applying electrical power to the array of nanotubes with a power source that is connected to the array of nanotubes;
• while the power source is applying electrical power to the array of nanotubes, detecting at least one electrical characteristic with an electrical sensor, the at least one electrical characteristics including at least one of a voltage of, an electrical current flowing through, or electrical resistance of the array of nanotubes;
• and
• with at least one processor of an electrical circuitry, inputting the at least one electrical characteristic into at least one machine-learning algorithm and executing the at least one machine learning algorithm to determine if the array of nanotubes was exposed to a marker, the at least one machine-learning algorithm included in non-transitory memory of the electrical circuitry, the electric circuitry communicably coupled to the electrical sensor and configured to receive the at least one electrical characteristic from the electrical sensor.

A nanoparticle sensor, comprising:

• an array of nanoparticles formed on a substrate;
• a power source connected to and configured to apply a voltage to the array of nanoparticles;
• an electrical sensor configured to detect at least one electrical characteristic when the voltage is provided to the array of nanoparticles, the at least one electrical characteristic including at least one of an electrical current flowing through or electrical resistance of the array of nanoparticles;
• and
• electrical circuitry communicably coupled to the electrical sensor and configured to receive the at least one electrical characteristic from the electrical sensor, the electrical circuitry including non-transitory memory including at least one machine-learning algorithm and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to input the at least one electrical characteristic into the at least one machine-learning algorithm and execute the at least one machine learning algorithm to determine if the array of nanoparticles was exposed to a marker.