# US 2021/0242949 A1 · Direct sampling for digital pre-distortion calibration > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2021/0242949 A1 - Document ID: US20210242949A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/131,465 - Filed: 2020-12-22 - Published: 2021-08-05 - Earliest claimed: 2020-01-30 - Assignees: Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC - Applicants: Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC - Inventors: Abhishek Kumar AGRAWAL; Hossein DEHGHAN - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210242949A1 ## CPC - H04B 17/11: for calibration - H04B 17/13: of power amplifiers, e.g. gain or non-linearity - H03F 1/3241: {using predistortion circuits (H03F1/3211, H03F1/3217 take precedence)} - H03F 1/3247: {using feedback acting on predistortion circuits (H03F1/3264 takes precedence)} - H03F 3/189: High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers - H03F 3/24: of transmitter output stages - H03F 3/68: Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics {(power amplifiers using a combination of several semiconductor amplifiers H03F3/211; combinations of amplifiers using coupling networks with distributed constants H03F3/602)} - H04B 7/0426: Power distribution - H04B 17/22: {for calibration of the receiver components} - H03F 2200/451: the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier - H04B 17/14: of the whole transmission and reception path, e.g. self-test loop-back - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H03F: AMPLIFIERS ## Abstract A MIMO transceiver may include a communication chain configured to generate a signal at a first frequency and that includes a pre-distorter configured to accept pre-distortion parameters to pre-distort signals and a PA to amplify the signals. The MIMO transceiver may include a DPD chain configured to receive the signal at the first frequency and that includes a data converter to sample the signal using a sampling rate based on a baseband frequency and to generate a sample signal based on the sampling of the signal. The MIMO transceiver may include a buffer configured to buffer the sample signal. The MIMO transceiver may include a DPD circuit configured to calibrate the pre-distortion parameters based on the buffered sample signal. The MIMO transceiver may include a CTS circuit to transmit a CTS-to-Self signal within an operational environment to reserve a duration of time for the MIMO transceiver to perform DPD calibration. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver configured for digital pre-distortion (DPD) calibration, the MIMO transceiver comprising: a first communication chain configured to generate a signal at a first frequency, the first communication chain comprising a pre-distorter circuit configured to accept pre-distortion parameters to pre-distort signals and a power amplifier (PA) configured to amplify the signals of the first communication chain; a DPD calibration chain configured to receive the signal at the first frequency, the DPD calibration chain comprising: a data converter configured to perform operations comprising: sampling the signal at the first frequency using a sampling rate based on a baseband frequency, the baseband frequency being lower than the first frequency; and generating a sample signal at the baseband frequency based on the sampling of the signal; and a buffer configured to buffer the sample signal at the baseband frequency; a DPD circuit configured to calibrate the pre-distortion parameters based on the buffered sample signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain; and a clear to send (CTS) circuit configured to transmit a CTS-to-Self signal to other MIMO transceivers within an operational environment of the MIMO transceiver, the CTS-to-Self signal reserving a duration of time for the MIMO transceiver to perform DPD calibration using the first communication chain and the DPD calibration chain. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The MIMO transceiver of claim 1 wherein the DPD calibration chain further comprises an attenuator configured to reduce a power level of the signal at the first frequency prior to the data converter sampling the signal. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein the DPD calibration chain is coupled to a radio frequency (RF) coupler electrically coupled between the PA of the first communication chain and the data converter of the DPD calibration chain, the DPD calibration chain configured to receive the signal at the first frequency from the RF coupler. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein the pre-distorter circuit uses the pre-distortion parameters to compensate for the non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain by pre-distorting the signals transmitted by the first communication chain equal to an additive inverse of the non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The MIMO transceiver of claim 1, wherein the DPD calibration chain is configured as a linear receive chain to avoid distortion of the signal in the DPD calibration chain. ### Claim 6 A multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver configured for digital pre-distortion (DPD) calibration, the MIMO transceiver comprising: a first communication chain configured to generate a first signal at a first frequency, the first communication chain comprising a first pre-distorter circuit configured to accept first pre-distortion parameters to pre-distort signals and a first power amplifier (PA) configured to amplify the signals of the first communication chain; a DPD calibration chain configured to receive the first signal at the first frequency, the DPD calibration chain comprising: a data converter configured to perform operations comprising: sampling the first signal at the first frequency using a sampling rate based on a baseband frequency, the baseband frequency being lower than the first frequency; and generating a sample signal at the baseband frequency based on the sampling of the first signal; and a buffer configured to buffer the sample signal at the baseband frequency; a DPD circuit configured to calibrate the first pre-distortion parameters based on the buffered sample signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the first PA of the first communication chain; and a second communication chain configured to transmit a second signal at the first frequency, the second communication chain comprising: a second pre-distorter circuit configured to accept second pre-distortion parameters to pre-distort signals; and a second PA configured to amplify the signals of the second communication chain; wherein the DPD calibration chain is further configured to receive a combined signal that includes the first signal and the second signal at the first frequency; and wherein the DPD circuit is further configured to: isolate the first signal and the second signal from the combined signal; and calibrate the second pre-distortion parameters based on the second signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the second PA of the second communication chain. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The MIMO transceiver of claim 6, wherein the DPD calibration chain further comprises an attenuator configured to reduce a power level of the first signal at the first frequency prior to the data converter sampling the first signal. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The MIMO transceiver of claim 6, wherein the DPD calibration chain is coupled to a radio frequency (RF) coupler electrically coupled between the first PA of the first communication chain and the data converter of the DPD calibration chain, the DPD calibration chain configured to receive the first signal at the first frequency from the RF coupler. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The MIMO transceiver of claim 6, wherein the first pre-distorter circuit uses the first pre-distortion parameters to compensate for the non-linearity in amplification provided by the first PA of the first communication chain by pre-distorting the signals transmitted by the first communication chain equal to an additive inverse of the non-linearity in amplification provided by the first PA of the first communication chain. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The MIMO transceiver of claim 6, wherein the DPD calibration chain is configured as a linear receive chain to avoid distortion of the first signal in the DPD calibration chain. ### Claim 11 A multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver configured for digital pre-distortion (DPD) calibration, the MIMO transceiver comprising: a first communication chain configured to generate a first signal at a first frequency, the first communication chain comprising a first pre-distorter circuit configured to accept first pre-distortion parameters to pre-distort signals and a first power amplifier (PA) configured to amplify the signals of the first communication chain; a DPD calibration chain configured to receive the first signal at the first frequency, the DPD calibration chain comprising: a data converter configured to perform operations comprising: sampling the first signal at the first frequency using a sampling rate based on a baseband frequency, the baseband frequency being lower than the first frequency; and generating a sample signal at the baseband frequency based on the sampling of the first signal; and a buffer configured to buffer the sample signal at the baseband frequency; a DPD circuit configured to calibrate the first pre-distortion parameters based on the buffered sample signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the first PA of the first communication chain; and a second communication chain configured to transmit a second signal at the first frequency, the second communication chain comprising: a second pre-distorter circuit configured to accept second pre-distortion parameters to pre-distort signals; and a second PA configured to amplify the signals of the second communication chain; wherein: the DPD calibration chain is further configured to receive the second signal at the first frequency; the DPD circuit is further configured to calibrate the second pre-distortion parameters based on the second signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the second PA of the second communication chain; and the MIMO transceiver further comprises a chain selector circuit configured to selectively provide a control signal to the first communication chain and the second communication chain, the control signal indicating which of the first communication chain and the second communication chain are to generate corresponding signals. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The MIMO transceiver of claim 11, wherein the DPD calibration chain further comprises an attenuator configured to reduce a power level of the first signal at the first frequency prior to the data converter sampling the first signal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The MIMO transceiver of claim 11, wherein the DPD calibration chain is coupled to a radio frequency (RF) coupler electrically coupled between the first PA of the first communication chain and the data converter of the DPD calibration chain, the DPD calibration chain configured to receive the first signal at the first frequency from the RF coupler. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The MIMO transceiver of claim 11, wherein the first pre-distorter circuit uses the first pre-distortion parameters to compensate for the non-linearity in amplification provided by the first PA of the first communication chain by pre-distorting the signals transmitted by the first communication chain equal to an additive inverse of the non-linearity in amplification provided by the first PA of the first communication chain. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The MIMO transceiver of claim 11, wherein the DPD calibration chain is configured as a linear receive chain to avoid distortion of the first signal in the DPD calibration chain. ### Claim 16 A multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver configured for digital pre-distortion (DPD) calibration, the MIMO transceiver comprising: a first communication chain configured to generate a signal at a first frequency, the first communication chain comprising a pre-distorter circuit configured to accept pre-distortion parameters to pre-distort signals and a power amplifier (PA) configured to amplify the signals of the first communication chain; a DPD calibration chain configured to receive the signal at the first frequency, the DPD calibration chain comprising: a data converter configured to perform operations comprising: sampling the signal at the first frequency using a sampling rate based on a baseband frequency, the baseband frequency being lower than the first frequency; and generating a sample signal at the baseband frequency based on the sampling of the signal; and a buffer configured to buffer the sample signal at the baseband frequency; and a DPD circuit configured to calibrate the pre-distortion parameters based on the buffered sample signal to compensate for non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain; wherein the DPD circuit is further configured to compare a value of a power level of the buffered sample signal to a value of a power level of an expected signal, the pre-distortion parameters being calibrated based on a difference between the values of the power levels of the buffered sample signal and the expected signal. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The MIMO transceiver of claim 16 wherein the DPD calibration chain further comprises an attenuator configured to reduce a power level of the signal at the first frequency prior to the data converter sampling the signal. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The MIMO transceiver of claim 16, wherein the DPD calibration chain is coupled to a radio frequency (RF) coupler electrically coupled between the PA of the first communication chain and the data converter of the DPD calibration chain, the DPD calibration chain configured to receive the signal at the first frequency from the RF coupler. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The MIMO transceiver of claim 16, wherein the pre-distorter circuit uses the pre-distortion parameters to compensate for the non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain by pre-distorting the signals transmitted by the first communication chain equal to an additive inverse of the non-linearity in amplification provided by the PA of the first communication chain. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The MIMO transceiver of claim 16, wherein the DPD calibration chain is configured as a linear receive chain to avoid distortion of the signal in the DPD calibration chain.