# US 2021/0242931 A1 · Environmental detection systems and methods for high altitude platforms

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- Number: US 2021/0242931 A1
- Document ID: US20210242931A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/778,223
- Filed: 2020-01-31
- Published: 2021-08-05
- Earliest claimed: 2020-01-31
- Assignees: Loon LLC
- Applicants: Loon LLC
- Inventors: Thomas Swanson; Matthew Stokes
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210242931A1

## CPC

- B64B 1/44: adapted to maintain predetermined altitude
- H04B 7/18504: {Aircraft used as relay or high altitude atmospheric platform}
- B64B 1/50: Captive balloons
- G01W 1/02: Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed (G01W1/10 takes precedence)
- G01W 1/08: Adaptations of balloons, missiles, or aircraft for meteorological purposes; Radiosondes (transmission of measurements G01D; transmitting circuits H04B; {balloons in general B64B; aeroplanes in general B64D; missiles in general F42B15/00})
- G01W 1/16: Measuring atmospheric potential differences, e.g. due to electrical charges in clouds (measuring potentiels in general G01R)
- B64U 10/30: Lighter-than-air aircraft, e.g. aerostatic aircraft
- B64U 50/34: In-flight charging (photovoltaics B64U50/31)
- B64U 2101/20: for use as communications relays, e.g. high-altitude platforms
- B64U 2101/35: for science, e.g. meteorology
- B64B: LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
- H04B: TRANSMISSION
- G01W: METEOROLOGY (radar, sonar, lidar or analogous systems, designed for meteorological use G01S13/95, G01S15/88, G01S17/95)
- B64U: UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR

## Abstract

Aspects of the technology relate to an environmental sensor system that uses different types of detector units as part of an onboard lightning detection and evaluation system for a high altitude platform (HAP) operating in the stratosphere. These sensor suites may be employed with balloons and other high altitude platforms during operation in the stratosphere. Onboard data processing and analysis may be done either in real time or on stored data sets. The processing system can use the gathered sensor information to mitigate issues related to lightning-related transients. The information can also be used in route planning and real-time navigation of HAPs when hazardous conditions are detected. It can also be employed in a back-end control system for long-term route planning and fleet management.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An environmental sensor system for a high altitude platform configured for operation in the stratosphere, the environmental sensor system comprising:
a plurality of different detector modules configured to detect environmental factors associated with lightning occurring below the high altitude platform when operating in the stratosphere, the plurality of different detector modules including at least a lightning detector, a transient pulse detector and an electric field detector, the plurality of different detector modules being arranged in one or more sensor suites configured for placement on the high altitude platform;
memory configured to store data received from the plurality of different detector modules, the data being associated with the detected environmental factors; and
one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory and the plurality of different detector modules, the one or more processors being configured to receive the data from the plurality of different detector modules, and to control at least one of a vertical or lateral position of the high altitude platform based on a likelihood of lightning in the environment below the high altitude platform when operating in the stratosphere.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The environmental sensor system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
transmit the stored data to a remote station for analysis; and
receive a command from the remote station to control at least one of the vertical or lateral position based on the likelihood of lightening in the environment below the high altitude platform.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The environmental sensor system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of different detector modules includes a magnetic field detector.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The environmental sensor system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of different detector modules includes a corona current detector.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The environmental sensor system of claim 4, wherein the corona current detector includes a discharge wire extending from the high altitude platform when operating in the stratosphere.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The environmental sensor system of claim 1, further comprising one or more additional detector modules selected from a group of a humidity detector, a temperature detector or an optical detector.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The environmental sensor system of claim 1, further comprising a heater module configured to heat one or more of the plurality of different detector modules above a threshold temperature.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The environmental sensor system of claim 7, wherein the heater module includes a main heater element and an auxiliary heater element.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The environmental sensor system of claim 8, wherein the auxiliary heater element is configured to increase a temperature of a moisture detector of the plurality of different detector modules.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The environmental sensor system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to transmit the stored data to another high altitude platform.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

A high altitude platform configured for operation in the stratosphere, the high altitude platform comprising:
an envelope having a lighter-than-air gas therein;
a payload coupled to the envelope; and
the environmental sensor system of claim 1.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The high altitude platform of claim 11, wherein the one or more sensor suites includes first and second sensor suites, the first sensor suite being disposed along a portion of the payload, and the second sensor suite being disposed along a portion of the envelope.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The high altitude platform of claim 12, wherein:
the first sensor suite includes a corona current detector having a wire extending downward from the payload; and
the second sensor suite is disposed adjacent to a base portion of the envelope.

### Claim 14

A method for managing high altitude platform operation in the stratosphere, the method comprising:
receiving, by one or more processors, sensor data from a plurality of different detector modules of a high altitude platform, the sensor data including environmental factors associated with lightning occurring below the high altitude platform when operating in the stratosphere;
processing, by the one or more processors, the sensor data from the plurality of different detector modules to identify a likelihood of lightning in the environment below the high altitude platform; and
the one more processors generating a command, based on the processing, to control at least one of a vertical or lateral position of the high altitude platform based on the identified likelihood of lightening in the environment below the high altitude platform.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, further comprising transmitting the command to the high altitude platform.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein:
the plurality of different detector modules includes at least a lightning detector, a transient pulse detector and an electric field detector; and
the processing includes correlating the received sensor data from the lightning detector, the transient pulse detector and the electric field detector to determine whether the likelihood of lightening in the environment below the high altitude platform exceeds a threshold likelihood.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein the processing includes correlating the received sensor data against historical weather data.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, wherein the historical weather data includes at least one of satellite cloud-top-height imagery, convective analysis reports, or satellite lightning-mapping imagery.

### Claim 19 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein the processing includes:
aggregating sensor data received from a fleet of high altitude platforms; and
evaluating performance of a storm-avoidance procedure employed for the fleet.

### Claim 20 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein the processing further includes performing a failure analysis to determine whether a failure is due to a storm condition.

### Claim 21 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein the processing further includes performing a failure analysis to classify a failure based on a magnitude of a detected electrical event.

### Claim 22 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, further comprising issuing a command to vary one or more parameters of at least one of the plurality of different detector modules.