# US 2021/0242901 A1 · Next-Generation Ultra-Wideband Frame Formats > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2021/0242901 A1 - Document ID: US20210242901A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/160,688 - Filed: 2021-01-28 - Published: 2021-08-05 - Earliest claimed: 2020-01-31 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Joachim S. Hammerschmidt; Ersen Ekrem - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210242901A1 ## CPC - H04B 1/71632: {Signal aspects (H04B1/7172 and H04B1/7176 take precedence)} - H04W 52/0258: {controlling an operation mode according to history or models of usage information, e.g. activity schedule or time of day} - H04B 1/7176: Data mapping, e.g. modulation - H04B 1/719: Interference-related aspects - H04W 52/0229: {where the received signal is a wanted signal} - H04W 52/028: {switching on or off only a part of the equipment circuit blocks} - Y02D 30/70: in wireless communication networks - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - Y02D: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE ## Abstract Methods, systems, and apparatuses are presented to transmit fragmented communication frames, such as fragmented ultra-wideband (UWB) frames. In some implementations, a communication frame may be divided into a plurality of fragments, and the fragments may be transmitted across a plurality of regulatory test intervals. E.g., each fragment may be transmitted within a mutually-exclusive regulatory test interval. In some implementations, each fragment may be constrained in time and/or transmission power, such that the total energy emitted during transmission of the fragment remains within a maximum energy limit defined for the regulatory test interval, e.g., by a regulatory entity. In some implementations, the sum of the energy emitted during transmission of two or more fragments may exceed the maximum energy limit defined for the regulatory test interval. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A wireless communication device comprising: wireless communication circuitry; and processor circuitry coupled to the wireless communication circuitry, the processor circuitry configured to cause the wireless communication device to: transmit, via the wireless communication circuitry, a first fragment of a physical layer (PHY) communication frame during a first time period, wherein the first time period is less than a predefined test interval, and wherein the energy emitted during transmission of the first fragment remains within a predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval; and transmit, via the wireless communication circuitry, a second fragment of the PHY communication frame during a second time period, wherein the second time period is less than the predefined test interval, wherein the energy emitted during transmission of the second fragment remains within the predetermined energy limit, wherein the second time period is separated from the first time period by a silence time period, during which no portion of the PHY communication frame is transmitted, and wherein the start of the second time period follows the start of the first time period by at least the duration of the predefined test interval. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the sum of the energy emitted during transmission of the first fragment and the energy emitted during transmission of the second fragment exceeds the predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval is defined by government regulation. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the processor circuitry is further configured to cause the wireless communication device to: cause the wireless communication circuitry to transition to a low-power state upon completion of transmission of the first fragment of the PHY communication frame; and cause the wireless communication circuitry to transition to an active state prior to transmitting the second fragment of the PHY communication frame. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the first fragment and the second fragment are transmitted within a first frequency channel, wherein the predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval pertains only to energy emitted within the first frequency channel, and wherein the processor circuitry is further configured to cause the wireless communication device to: transmit, within a second frequency channel, a fragment of a second PHY communication frame during a third time period, wherein at least a portion of the first fragment of the PHY communication frame and at least a portion of the fragment of the second PHY communication frame fall within the duration of the predefined test interval, and wherein the sum of the energy emitted during transmission of the at least a portion of the first fragment and the energy emitted during transmission of the at least a portion of the fragment of the second PHY communication frame exceeds the predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the processor circuitry is further configured to cause the wireless communication device to: transmit a resynchronization sequence, after transmitting the first fragment but before transmitting the second sequence, wherein the resynchronization sequence comprises a known synchronization pattern. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the second frame does not include a synchronization field. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The wireless communication device of claim 7, wherein the first fragment includes a synchronization field, and the second fragment includes a scrambled timestamp sequence (STS) field. ### Claim 9 A method of transmitting a communication frame, the method comprising: by a wireless communication device: dividing the communication frame into a plurality of fragments; transmitting each fragment of the plurality of fragments during a respective transmit time period, wherein each transmit time period after the initial transmit time period is separated from the preceding transmit time period by a silence time period, wherein transmission of the plurality of fragments is spread over a transmit interval that is longer than a predefined test interval; and constraining the average transmit power used to transmit at least one of the fragments such that the total energy emitted by the wireless communication device during any continuous portion of the transmit interval that is equal to the predefined test interval remains within a predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein dividing the communication frame into a plurality of fragments comprises dividing the communication frame along predefined boundaries between fields of the communication frame. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval is defined by government regulation. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval pertains only to energy emitted within a first frequency channel, wherein at least a first fragment of the plurality of fragments is transmitted within the first frequency channel, and at least a first fragment of a second communication frame is transmitted within a second frequency channel, wherein the first fragment of the plurality of fragments and the first fragment of the second communication frame are transmitted within a single predefined test interval, and wherein the sum of the energy emitted by the wireless communication device for transmission of the first fragment of the plurality of fragments and the first fragment of the second communication frame exceeds the predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval within the first frequency channel. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval pertains only to energy emitted within a first frequency channel, wherein at least a first fragment of the plurality of fragments is transmitted within the first frequency channel, and at least a second fragment of the plurality of fragments is transmitted within a second frequency channel, wherein the first fragment and the second fragment are transmitted within a single predefined test interval, and wherein the sum of the energy emitted by the wireless communication device for transmission of the first fragment and the second fragment exceeds the predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising: transmitting a resynchronization sequence between transmitting a first fragment and a second fragment of the plurality of fragments, wherein the resynchronization sequence comprises a known synchronization pattern that was not part of the communication frame before dividing the communication frame. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein only the initial fragment of the plurality of fragments incudes a synchronization field. ### Claim 16 An apparatus comprised in a wireless communication device, the apparatus comprising: a memory storing software instructions; and a processor configured to execute the software instructions to: divide a communication frame into a plurality of fragments; provide for transmission each fragment of the plurality of fragments during a respective transmit time period, wherein each transmit time period after the initial transmit time period is separated from the preceding transmit time period by a silence time period, wherein transmission of the plurality of fragments is spread over a transmit interval that is longer than a predefined test interval; and constrain the average transmit power used to transmit at least one of the fragments such that the total energy emitted by the wireless communication device during any continuous portion of the transmit interval that is equal to the predefined test interval remains within a predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the sum of the total energy emitted by the wireless communication device for transmission of the plurality of fragments exceeds the predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16, wherein dividing the communication frame into a plurality of fragments comprises dividing the communication frame along predefined boundaries between fields of the communication frame. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval pertains only to energy emitted within a first frequency channel, wherein at least a first fragment of the plurality of fragments is transmitted within the first frequency channel, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the software instructions to: provide for transmission a second fragment within a second frequency channel within the same predefined test interval as the first fragment of the plurality of fragments, wherein the sum of the energy emitted by the wireless communication device for transmission of the first fragment of the plurality of fragments and the second fragment exceeds the predetermined energy limit allowed for transmission within the predefined test interval. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the software instructions to: provide for transmission a resynchronization sequence between transmitting a first fragment of the plurality of fragments and a second fragment of the plurality of fragments, wherein the resynchronization sequence comprises a known synchronization pattern that was not part of the communication frame before dividing the communication frame.