# US 2021/0242881 A1 · Apparatus and method for channel coding in communication system

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- Number: US 2021/0242881 A1
- Document ID: US20210242881A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 17/161,539
- Filed: 2021-01-28
- Published: 2021-08-05
- Earliest claimed: 2017-05-05
- Assignees: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.
- Inventors: Chen Zheng; Liang Ma; Xiaojian Liu; Yuejun Wei; Xin Zeng
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210242881A1

## CPC

- H03M 13/1102: {Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes}
- H03M 13/036: {Heuristic code construction methods, i.e. code construction or code search based on using trial-and-error}
- H03M 13/11: using multiple parity bits
- H03M 13/116: {Quasi-cyclic LDPC [QC-LDPC] codes, i.e. the parity-check matrix being composed of permutation or circulant sub-matrices}
- H03M 13/1185: {wherein the parity-check matrix comprises a part with a double-diagonal}
- H03M 13/616: {Matrix operations, especially for generator matrices or check matrices, e.g. column or row permutations}
- H03M 13/618: {Shortening and extension of codes}
- H03M 13/6393: {Rate compatible low-density parity check [LDPC] codes}
- H03M 13/6516: {Support of multiple code parameters, e.g. generalized Reed-Solomon decoder for a variety of generator polynomials or Galois fields}
- H04L 1/00: Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received {(correcting synchronisation H04L7/00)}
- H03M: CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C4/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F7/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N; ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C)
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

This application relates to communicating information between communication devices. A channel coding method is disclosed. A communication device obtains an input sequence of K bits. The communication device encodes the input sequence using a low density parity check (LDPC) matrix H, to obtain an encoded sequence. The LDPC matrix H is determined according to a base matrix and a lifting factor Z. The base matrix includes m rows and n columns, m is greater than or equal to 5, and n is greater than or equal to 27. The lifting factor Z satisfies a relationship of 22*Z≥K. According to the encoding method provided in the embodiments, information bit sequences of a plurality of lengths can be encoded for transmission between the communication devices.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus, comprising:
a communication interface; and
at least one processor,
wherein the processor is configured to:
determine a lifting factor Z; and
decode, based on a decoding matrix and the lifting factor Z, an input sequence to obtain a decoded sequence;
wherein the communication interface is configured to:
output the decoded sequence;
wherein the decoding matrix is obtained from a low density parity check (LDPC) base graph, the LDPC base graph comprises m rows and n columns, each element in the LDPC base graph is represented by a row index i and a column index j, 0≤i<m, 0≤j<n, and the decoding matrix is obtained by replacing each element of the LDPC base graph with a matrix of Z rows and Z columns; and
wherein each element in the LDPC base graph is either a zero element or a non-zero element, and at least the following elements in the LDPC base graph are non-zero elements:
i=0, j=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23;
i=1, j=0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, or 24;
i=2, j=0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, or 25;
i=3, j=0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, or 25.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein 5≤m≤46 and 27≤n≤68.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the following elements in the LDPC base graph are non-zero elements:
i=4, j=0, 1 or 26.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the LDPC base graph comprises 46 rows and 68 columns, and the following elements in the LDPC base graph are non-zero elements:
i=0, j=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23;
i=1, j=0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, or 24;
i=2, j=0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, or 25;
i=3, j=0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, or 25;
i=4, j=0, 1, or 26;
i=5, j=0, 1, 3, 12, 16, 21, 22, or 27;
i=6, j=0, 6, 10, 11, 13, 17, 18, 20, or 28;
i=7, j=0, 1, 4, 7, 8, 14, or 29;
i=8, j=0, 1, 3, 12, 16, 19, 21, 22, 24, or 30;
i=9, j=0, 1, 10, 11, 13, 17, 18, 20, or 31;
i=10, j=1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, or 32;
i=11, j=0, 1, 12, 16, 21, 22, 23, or 33;
i=12, j=0, 1, 10, 11, 13, 18, or 34;
i=13, j=0, 3, 7, 20, 23, or 35;
i=14, j=0, 12, 15, 16, 17, 21, or 36;
i=15, j=0, 1, 10, 13, 18, 25, or 37;
i=16, j=1, 3, 11, 20, 22, or 38;
i=17, j=0, 14, 16, 17, 21, or 39;
i=18, j=1, 12, 13, 18, 19, or 40;
i=19, j=0, 1, 7, 8, 10, or 41;
i=20, j=0, 3, 9, 11, 22, or 42;
i=21, j=1, 5, 16, 20, 21, or 43;
i=22, j=0, 12, 13, 17, or 44;
i=23, j=1, 2, 10, 18, or 45;
i=24, j=0, 3, 4, 11, 22, or 46;
i=25, j=1, 6, 7, 14, or 47;
i=26, j=0, 2, 4, 15, or 48;
i=27, j=1, 6, 8, or 49;
i=28, j=0, 4, 19, 21, or 50;
i=29, j=1, 14, 18, 25, or 51;
i=30, j=0, 10, 13, 24, or 52;
i=31, j=1, 7, 22, 25, or 53;
i=32, j=0, 12, 14, 24, or 54;
i=33, j=1, 2, 11, 21, or 55;
i=34, j=0, 7, 15, 17, or 56;
i=35, j=1, 6, 12, 22, or 57;
i=36, j=0, 14, 15, 18, or 58;
i=37, j=1, 13, 23, or 59;
i=38, j=0, 9, 10, 12, or 60;
i=39, j=1, 3, 7, 19, or 61;
i=40, j=0, 8, 17, or 62;
i=41, j=1, 3, 9, 18, or 63;
i=42, j=0, 4, 24, or 64;
i=43, j=1, 16, 18, 25, or 65;
i=44, j=0, 7, 9, 22, or 66;
i=45, j=1, 6, 10, or 67.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein in obtaining the decoding matrix by replacing each element of the LDPC base graph with a matrix of Z rows and Z columns, the processor is configured to:
replace each zero element in the LDPC base graph with an all-zero matrix of Z rows×Z columns; and
replace a {row index i, column index j} non-zero element in the LDPC base graph by a circular permutation matrix I(Pi,j) of Z rows×Z columns,
wherein the circular permutation matrix I(Pi,j) is obtained by circularly shifting an identity matrix of Z rows×Z columns to the right for Pi,j times.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein Pi,j=mod (Vi,j, Z), Vi,j is a shift value corresponding to a lifting factor set index of Z, Vi,j is an integer, and Vi,j≤0.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a memory, wherein the LDPC base graph or a parameter related to the LDPC base graph is stored in the memory.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communication interface is further configured to receive a signal corresponding to the input sequence.

### Claim 9

A method, comprising:
determining a lifting factor Z;
decoding, based on a decoding matrix and the lifting factor Z, an input sequence to obtain a decoded sequence; and
outputting the decoded sequence;
wherein the decoding matrix is obtained from a low density parity check (LDPC) base graph, the LDPC base graph comprises m rows and n columns, each element in the LDPC base graph is represented by a row index i and a column index j, 0≤i≤m, 01≤n, and the decoding matrix is obtained by replacing each element of the LDPC base graph with a matrix of Z rows and Z columns; and
wherein each element in the LDPC base graph is either a zero element or a non-zero element, and at least the following elements in the LDPC base graph are non-zero elements:
i=0, j=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23;
i=1, j=0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, or 24;
i=2, j=0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, or 25;
i=3, j=0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, or 25.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method according to claim 9, wherein 5≤m≤46 and 27≤n≤68.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method according to claim 9, wherein the following elements in the LDPC base graph are non-zero elements:
i=4, j=0, 1 or 26.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The method according to claim 9, wherein the LDPC base graph comprises 46 rows and 68 columns, and the following elements in the LDPC base graph are non-zero elements:
i=0, j=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23;
i=1, j=0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, or 24;
i=2, j=0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, or 25;
i=3, j=0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, or 25;
i=4, j=0, 1, or 26;
i=5, j=0, 1, 3, 12, 16, 21, 22, or 27;
i=6, j=0, 6, 10, 11, 13, 17, 18, 20, or 28;
i=7, j=0, 1, 4, 7, 8, 14, or 29;
i=8, j=0, 1, 3, 12, 16, 19, 21, 22, 24, or 30;
i=9, j=0, 1, 10, 11, 13, 17, 18, 20, or 31;
i=10, j=1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, or 32;
i=11, j=0, 1, 12, 16, 21, 22, 23, or 33;
i=12, j=0, 1, 10, 11, 13, 18, or 34;
i=13, j=0, 3, 7, 20, 23, or 35;
i=14, j=0, 12, 15, 16, 17, 21, or 36;
i=15, j=0, 1, 10, 13, 18, 25, or 37;
i=16, j=1, 3, 11, 20, 22, or 38;
i=17, j=0, 14, 16, 17, 21, or 39;
i=18, j=1, 12, 13, 18, 19, or 40;
i=19, j=0, 1, 7, 8, 10, or 41;
i=20, j=0, 3, 9, 11, 22, or 42;
i=21, j=1, 5, 16, 20, 21, or 43;
i=22, j=0, 12, 13, 17, or 44;
i=23, j=1, 2, 10, 18, or 45;
i=24, j=0, 3, 4, 11, 22, or 46;
i=25, j=1, 6, 7, 14, or 47;
i=26, j=0, 2, 4, 15, or 48;
i=27, j=1, 6, 8, or 49;
i=28, j=0, 4, 19, 21, or 50;
i=29, j=1, 14, 18, 25, or 51;
i=30, j=0, 10, 13, 24, or 52;
i=31, j=1, 7, 22, 25, or 53;
i=32, j=0, 12, 14, 24, or 54;
i=33, j=1, 2, 11, 21, or 55;
i=34, j=0, 7, 15, 17, or 56;
i=35, j=1, 6, 12, 22, or 57;
i=36, j=0, 14, 15, 18, or 58;
i=37, j=1, 13, 23, or 59;
i=38, j=0, 9, 10, 12, or 60;
i=39, j=1, 3, 7, 19, or 61;
i=40, j=0, 8, 17, or 62;
i=41, j=1, 3, 9, 18, or 63;
i=42, j=0, 4, 24, or 64;
i=43, j=1, 16, 18, 25, or 65;
i=44, j=0, 7, 9, 22, or 66;
i=45, j=1, 6, 10, or 67.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method according to claim 12, wherein obtaining the decoding matrix by replacing each element of the LDPC base graph with a matrix of Z rows and Z columns comprises:
replacing each zero element in the LDPC base graph with an all-zero matrix of Z rows×Z columns; and
replacing a {row index i, column index j} non-zero element in the LDPC base graph by a circular permutation matrix I(Pi,j) of Z rows×Z columns, wherein the circular permutation matrix I(Pi,j) is obtained by circularly shifting an identity matrix of Z rows×Z columns to the right for Pi,j times.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The method according to claim 13, wherein Pi,j=mod (Vi,j, Z), Vi,j is a shift value corresponding to a lifting factor set index of Z, Vi,j is an integer, and Vi,j≤0.

### Claim 15

A non-transitory computer readable medium storing program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
determine a lifting factor Z;
decode, based on a decoding matrix and the lifting factor Z, an input sequence to obtain a decoded sequence; and
output the decoded sequence;
wherein the decoding matrix is obtained from a low density parity check (LDPC) base graph, the LDPC base graph comprises m rows and n columns, each element in the LDPC base graph is represented by a row index i and a column index j, 0≤i≤m, 0≤j≤n, and the decoding matrix is obtained by replacing each element of the LDPC base graph with a matrix of Z rows and Z columns; and
wherein each element in the LDPC base graph is either a zero element or a non-zero element, and at least the following elements in the LDPC base graph are non-zero elements:
i=0, j=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23;
i=1, j=0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, or 24;
i=2, j=0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, or 25;
i=3, j=0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, or 25.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein 5≤m≤46 and 27≤n≤68.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the following elements in the LDPC base graph are non-zero elements:
i=4, j=0, 1 or 26.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the LDPC base graph comprises 46 rows and 68 columns, and the following elements in the LDPC base graph are non-zero elements:
i=0, j=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23;
i=1, j=0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, or 24;
i=2, j=0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, or 25;
i=3, j=0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, or 25;
i=4, j=0, 1, or 26;
i=5, j=0, 1, 3, 12, 16, 21, 22, or 27;
i=6, j=0, 6, 10, 11, 13, 17, 18, 20, or 28;
i=7, j=0, 1, 4, 7, 8, 14, or 29;
i=8, j=0, 1, 3, 12, 16, 19, 21, 22, 24, or 30;
i=9, j=0, 1, 10, 11, 13, 17, 18, 20, or 31;
i=10, j=1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, or 32;
i=11, j=0, 1, 12, 16, 21, 22, 23, or 33;
i=12, j=0, 1, 10, 11, 13, 18, or 34;
i=13, j=0, 3, 7, 20, 23, or 35;
i=14, j=0, 12, 15, 16, 17, 21, or 36;
i=15, j=0, 1, 10, 13, 18, 25, or 37;
i=16, j=1, 3, 11, 20, 22, or 38;
i=17, j=0, 14, 16, 17, 21, or 39;
i=18, j=1, 12, 13, 18, 19, or 40;
i=19, j=0, 1, 7, 8, 10, or 41;
i=20, j=0, 3, 9, 11, 22, or 42;
i=21, j=1, 5, 16, 20, 21, or 43;
i=22, j=0, 12, 13, 17, or 44;
i=23, j=1, 2, 10, 18, or 45;
i=24, j=0, 3, 4, 11, 22, or 46;
i=25, j=1, 6, 7, 14, or 47;
i=26, j=0, 2, 4, 15, or 48;
i=27, j=1, 6, 8, or 49;
i=28, j=0, 4, 19, 21, or 50;
i=29, j=1, 14, 18, 25, or 51;
i=30, j=0, 10, 13, 24, or 52;
i=31, j=1, 7, 22, 25, or 53;
i=32, j=0, 12, 14, 24, or 54;
i=33, j=1, 2, 11, 21, or 55;
i=34, j=0, 7, 15, 17, or 56;
i=35, j=1, 6, 12, 22, or 57;
i=36, j=0, 14, 15, 18, or 58;
i=37, j=1, 13, 23, or 59;
i=38, j=0, 9, 10, 12, or 60;
i=39, j=1, 3, 7, 19, or 61;
i=40, j=0, 8, 17, or 62;
i=41, j=1, 3, 9, 18, or 63;
i=42, j=0, 4, 24, or 64;
i=43, j=1, 16, 18, 25, or 65;
i=44, j=0, 7, 9, 22, or 66;
i=45, j=1, 6, 10, or 67.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 18, wherein obtaining the decoding matrix by replacing each element of the LDPC base graph with a matrix of Z rows and Z columns comprises:
replacing each zero element in the LDPC base graph with an all-zero matrix of Z rows×Z columns; and
replacing a {row index i, column index j} non-zero element in the LDPC base graph by a circular permutation matrix I(Pi,j) of Z rows×Z columns, wherein the circular permutation matrix I(Pi,j) is obtained by circularly shifting an identity matrix of Z rows×Z columns to the right for Pi,j times.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 19, wherein Pi,j=mod Z), Vi,j is a shift value corresponding to a lifting factor set index of Z, Vi,j is an integer, and Vi,j≤0.