# US 2021/0241880 A1 · Method for the determination of processing influences on the energy value of feedstuff raw materials and/or feedstuffs > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2021/0241880 A1 - Document ID: US20210241880A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/049,101 - Filed: 2019-05-08 - Published: 2021-08-05 - Earliest claimed: 2018-05-09 - Assignees: Evonik Operations GmbH - Applicants: Evonik Operations GmbH - Inventors: Markus WILTAFSKY-MARTIN; Johann FICKLER - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210241880A1 ## CPC - G16H 20/60: relating to nutrition control, e.g. diets - A23K 10/30: from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms (obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes, e.g. using yeasts or enzymes, A23K10/10) - A23K 50/30: for swines - A23K 50/75: for poultry - G16H: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA - A23K: FODDER ## Abstract A computer-implemented methods for the determination and/or assessment of processing influences on the energy value of a feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff, in which the processing conditions indicator of the feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff is determined and the corrected energy values of the feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff is determined. A process for the preparation of a feed considering the determined processing influences and the energy values of feedstuff raw materials and/or feedstuffs. ## Claims ### Claim at position 1 1-17. (canceled) ### Claim 18 A computer-implemented method for determining processing influences on an energy value of a feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff, the computer-implemented method comprising a) subjecting a sample of a processed feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff to a1) measuring at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of a trypsin inhibitor activity, a urease activity, a protein solubility in alkali and a protein dispersibility index of a sample; a2) determining a ratio of a reactive amount of lysine to a total amount of lysine, comprising measuring the reactive amount of lysine and the total amount of lysine in the sample, followed by a formation of the ratio of the reactive amount of lysine to the total amount of lysine; and a3) measuring an amount of at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of methionine, cysteine, cystine, threonine, leucine, arginine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, glycine, serine, proline, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid in the sample; b) plotting parameters obtained in a1) to a3) as a function of time points of processing of the sample in a); c1) determining an area in a plot of b), where a value of the trypsin inhibitor activity, expressed as mg of trypsin per g sample, is more than 4, an increase in a pH value in determining the urease activity is more than 0.35, a value of the protein solubility in alkali, expressed as a percentage of protein in the sample that is soluble in an alkaline solution, is more than 85%, and/or a value of the protein dispersibility index, expressed as a percentage of an original nitrogen content of the sample, is more than 40%, and assigning an are obtained thereby as under-processed; c2) determining the area in the plot of b), where a value of the ratio of the reactive amount of lysine to the total amount of lysine is less than 90%, the value of the protein dispersibility index is less than 15%, and/or the value of the protein solubility in alkali is less than 73%, and assigning an area obtained thereby as over-processed; c3) determining the area in the plot of b), where the value of the trypsin inhibitor activity-is less than 4, the value of the protein solubility in alkali is between 73 and 85%, the value of the protein dispersibility index is between 15 and 40% and/or the value of the ratio of the reactive amount of lysine to the total amount of lysine is at least 90%, and assigning an area obtained thereby as adequately processed; and/or subtracting the areas determined in c1) and c2) from the plot of b) and assigning an area obtained thereby as adequately processed; d) generating a processing scale by standardizing the areas obtained in c1) to c3) to equal size, sorting the areas obtained in c1) to c3) from over-processing to under-processing or vice versa and assigning a continuous scaling to standardized and sorted areas; e) inserting values of the parameters obtained in a1) to a3) into a power series, and forming a mean of values obtained from each power series, wherein said mean is designated as a processing condition indicator (PCI); and f) measuring a gross energy (GE), a digestible energy (DE), a metabolisable energy (ME), a net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or an apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry in a sample of the same feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff as in a). ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The computer-implemented method according to claim 18, further comprising: g) expressing the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry obtained in f) as a function of the processing conditions indicator obtained in e) in an equation and/or as a graph; and h) shifting a maximum of at least one equation obtained in g) and/or of at least one graph obtained in g) to 0. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The computer-implemented method according to claim 18, further comprising: i) forming at least one ratio selected from the group consisting of a digestible energy to gross energy ratio (DE/GE), a metabolisable energy to gross energy ratio (ME/GE), a net energy to gross energy ratio (NE/GE) for pigs, and/or an apparent metabolisable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention to gross energy ratio (AMEn/GE) for poultry; and j) expressing the at least one ratio obtained in i) as a function of the processing conditions indicator obtained in e) in an equation and/or as a graph. ### Claim 21 (depends on 18) The computer-implemented method according to claim 18, further comprising: k) expressing the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry obtained in f) as a function of the processing conditions indicator obtained in e) in an equation and/or as a graph; and l) setting a maximum of the equation obtained in k) and/or of the graph obtained in k) to 100%. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The computer-implemented method according to claim 20, further comprising: A1) measuring the gross energy (GE) of a sample of a processed feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff, wherein said sample is of unknown origin or of the same origin as in a); A2) performing a) to e) with the sample of A1) to determine the processing conditions indicator (PCI) of the sample; A3) inserting the processing conditions indicator (PCI) obtained in A2) into the equation of j) to obtain a digestible energy to gross energy ratio (DE/GE), a metabolizable energy to gross energy ratio (ME/GE), a net energy to gross energy ratio (NE/GE) for pigs, and/or a apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention to gross energy ratio (AMEn/GE) for poultry and/or reading off DE/GE, ME/GE, NE/GE, and/or AMEn/GE from the graph obtained in j) as a function of the processing conditions indicator (PCI) obtained in A2); and A4) multiplying the gross energy (GE) obtained in A1) with the digestible energy to gross energy ratio (DE/GE), the metabolizable energy to gross energy ratio (ME/GE), the net energy to gross energy ratio (NE/GE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention to gross energy ratio (AMEn/GE) for poultry obtained in A3) to give a corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect.), a corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect.), a corrected net energy (NEcorrect.) for pigs and/or a corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct.) for poultry. ### Claim 23 (depends on 19) The computer-implemented method according to claim 19, further comprising: B1) measuring the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry of a sample of a processed feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff, wherein said sample is of unknown origin or of the same origin as in a); B2) performing a) to e) with the sample of B1) to determine the processing conditions indicator (PCI) of the sample; B3) inserting the processing conditions indicator (PCI) obtained in B2) into the equation obtained in h) to obtain a correction factor and/or reading off the correction factor from the graph obtained in h) as a function of the processing conditions indicator (PCI) obtained in B2); and B4) subtracting the correction factor obtained in B3) from the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry obtained in B1) to give the corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect), the corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect.), the corrected net energy (NEcorrect.) for pigs, and/or the corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct.) for poultry. ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The computer-implemented method according to claim 21, further comprising: C1) measuring the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry of a sample of a processed feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff, wherein said sample is of unknown origin or of the same origin as in a); C2) performing a) to e) with the sample of C1) to determine the processing conditions indicator (PCI) of the sample; C3) inserting the processing conditions indicator (PCI) obtained in C2) into the equation of 1) and/or reading off the function value from the graph obtained in 1) as a function of the processing conditions indicator (PCI) obtained in C2) to give a relative corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect., rel.), a relative corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect., rel.), a relative corrected net energy (NEcorrect., rel.) for pigs, and/or a relative corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct., rel.) for poultry; and C4) multiplying the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry obtained in C1) with the relative corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect., rel.), the relative corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect., rel.), the relative corrected net energy (NEcorrect., rel.) for pigs, and/or the relative corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct., rel.) for poultry obtained in C3) to give the corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect.), the corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect.), the corrected net energy (NEcorrect.) for pigs, and/or the corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct.) for poultry. ### Claim 25 A computer-implemented method for assessing processing influences on an energy value of a feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff, the computer-implemented method comprising: D1) recording a near infrared spectrum of a sample of the feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff; D2) matching absorption intensities at respective wavelengths or wavenumbers in the near infrared spectrum obtained in D1) with corresponding parameters and their values determined in a1) measuring at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of a trypsin inhibitor activity, a urease activity, a protein solubility in alkali and a protein dispersibility index of the sample; a2) determining a ratio of a reactive amount of lysine to a total amount of lysine, comprising measuring the reactive amount of lysine and the total amount of lysine in the sample, followed by a formation of the ratio of the reactive amount of lysine to the total amount of lysine; and a3) measuring an amount of at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of methionine, cysteine, cystine, threonine, leucine, arginine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, glycine, serine, proline, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid in the sample; and D3) plotting the matching of D2) as a calibration graph and/or expressing parameters determined in a1) to a3) in a calibration equation as a function of the absorption intensities at the respective wavelengths or wavenumbers matched in D2), D4) matching the absorption intensities at the respective wavelengths or wavenumbers in the near infrared spectrum of a sample obtained in D2) with processing conditions indicator of the sample; and D5) plotting the matching of D4) as a calibration graph and/or expressing the processing conditions indicator in a calibration equation as a function of the absorption intensities at the respective wavelengths or wavenumbers matched in D4), E1) recording a near infrared spectrum of a sample of a processed feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff, wherein said sample is of unknown origin; E2) reading off values of at least one of the parameters of a1) to a3) matching to the absorptions in the near infrared spectrum obtained in E1) from the calibration graph of D3), and/or inserting the absorption intensities at the respective wavelengths or wavenumbers in the near infrared spectrum obtained in E1) into the calibration equation of D3) to obtain the values for the parameters of a1) to a3); E3) inserting the values for the parameters obtained in E2) into power series and forming a mean of the values obtained from each power series, wherein said mean is designated as the processing conditions indicator (PCI); and/or E4) reading off the processing conditions indicator from the calibration graph of D5) and/or inserting the absorption intensities at the respective wavelengths or wavenumbers into the calibration equation of D5) to obtain the processing conditions indicator (PCI). ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The computer-implemented method according to claim 25, further comprising: F1) measuring a digestible energy (DE), a metabolizable energy (ME), a net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or an apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry in a sample of the same feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff as in E1); F2) inserting the processing conditions indicator obtained in E3) and/or E4) into the equation for the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry of h) to obtain a correction factor and/or reading off the correction factor from the corresponding graph of h) as a function of the processing conditions indicator; and F3) subtracting the correction factor obtained in F2) from the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy for pigs (NE), and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention for poultry (AMEn) obtained in F1) to give a corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect.), a corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect.), a corrected net energy (NEcorrect.) for pigs, and/or a corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct.) for poultry. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The computer-implemented method according to claim 26, further comprising: G1) measuring a gross energy (GE) in a sample of the same feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff as in E1); G2) inserting the processing conditions indicator obtained in E3) and/or E4) into the equation of j) to obtain a digestible energy to gross energy ratio (DE/GE), a metabolizable energy to gross energy ratio (ME/GE), a net energy to gross energy ratio (NE/GE) for pigs, and/or an apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention to a gross energy ratio (AMEn/GE) for poultry and/or reading off any of said ratios as a function of the processing conditions indicator (PCI) from the graph of j); and G3) multiplying the gross energy (GE) obtained in G1) with the digestible energy to gross energy ratio (DE/GE), the metabolizable energy to gross energy ratio (ME/GE), the net energy to gross energy ratio (NE/GE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention to gross energy ratio (AMEn/GE) for poultry obtained in G2) to give the corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect.), the corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect.), the corrected net energy (NEcorrect.) for pigs, and/or the corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct.) for poultry. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The computer-implemented method according to claim 27, further comprising: H1) measuring the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry in a sample of the same feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff as in E1); H2) inserting the processing conditions indicator (PCI) obtained in E3) and/or E4) into the equation of 1) in order to obtain a relative corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect.,rel.), a relative corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect. rel.), a relative corrected net energy (NEcorrect. rel.) for pigs and/or a relative corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct. rel.) for poultry of the sample of E1) and/or reading off any of said energy values as a function of the processing conditions indicator (PCI) obtained in E3) and/or E4) from the graph of 1); and H3) multiplying the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry obtained in H1) with the relative corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect.,rel.), the relative corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect.rel,), the relative corrected net energy (NEcorrect.,rel.) for pigs and/or the relative corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct.,rel.) for poultry obtained in H2) to give the corrected digestible energy (DEcorrcct.), the corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect.), the corrected net energy (NEcorrect.) for pigs and/or the corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct.) for poultry. ### Claim 29 (depends on 25) The computer-implemented method according to claim 25, further comprising: I1) determining an energy deficit in the feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff by determining a difference between the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry obtained in B1) and/or F1) and the corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect.), the corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect.), the corrected net energy (NEcorrect.) for pigs, and/or the corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct.) for poultry of A4), B4), C4), F3), G3) and/or H3); and I2) when the energy deficit was determined in I1), calculating amounts of at least one feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff required to give a feed with a specific energy value. ### Claim 30 (depends on 22) The computer-implemented method according to claim 22, further comprising J) plotting the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry of B1) and/or F1) and/or the corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect.), the corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect.), the corrected net energy (NEcorrect.) for pigs, and/or the corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct.) for poultry of A4), B4), C4), F3), G3) and/or H3) and/or the ratio of any of these energies to the gross energy (GE) of A1), and/or G1) into the processing scale of d) to indicate whether the feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff is over-processed, adequately-processed or under-processed. ### Claim 31 (depends on 18) The computer-implemented method according to claim 18, wherein i) the processing scale obtained in d) is stored on a computer and/or a cloud. ### Claim 32 (depends on 23) The computer-implemented method according to claim 23, further comprising: K) adjusting the energy value of the feedstuff, including K1) determining a difference between the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry obtained in B1) and the corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect.), the corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect.), the corrected net energy (NEcorrect.) for pigs, and/or the corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct.) for poultry obtained in B4), and indicating a determined difference obtained thereby as energy deficit of the feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff; K2) when the feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff has an energy deficit, calculating amounts of at least one feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff required to give a feed with a specific energy value, when the corrected energy value obtained in B4) for the at least one feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff is lower than the energy value which is required for said feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff to reach a specific energy value of the feed; and K3) supplementing the amounts of the at least one feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff calculated in K2) to the raw material and/or feedstuff to give a feed with a specific energy value, and/or L) adjusting the processing condition of the feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff, including L1) plotting the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), the net energy (NE) for pigs, and/or the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) for poultry obtained in B1) and/or the corrected digestible energy (DEcorrect.), the corrected metabolizable energy (MEcorrect.), the corrected net energy (NEcorrect.) for pigs, and/or the corrected apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn, correct.) for poultry obtained in B4) and/or the ratio of any of these energies to the gross energy (GE) into the processing scale of d) to indicate whether the feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff is over-processed, adequately-processed or under-processed; L2) further processing the feedstuff raw material and/or feedstuff until it is adequately-processed, if said feedstuff and/or raw feedstuff was indicated as under-processed in L1).