# US 2021/0241409 A1 · Optical feedback for visual recognition authentication > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2021/0241409 A1 - Document ID: US20210241409A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/239,018 - Filed: 2021-04-23 - Published: 2021-08-05 - Earliest claimed: 2016-11-10 - Assignees: McAfee, Inc. - Applicants: McAfee, LLC - Inventors: Alex Nayshtut; Igor Muttik; Oleg Pogorelik; Adam Marek - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210241409A1 ## CPC - G06T 1/0021: {Image watermarking} - H04L 9/3278: {using physically unclonable functions [PUF]} - G06V 20/80: Recognising image objects characterised by unique random patterns - G06V 40/40: Spoof detection, e.g. liveness detection - G06V 40/45: {Detection of the body part being alive} - G09C 5/00: Ciphering apparatus or methods not provided for in the preceding groups, e.g. involving the concealment or deformation of graphic data such as designs, written or printed messages - H04L 63/08: {for authentication of entities (cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication H04L9/32)} - G06V 20/95: {Pattern authentication; Markers therefor; Forgery detection} - G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - G06V: IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING - G09C: CIPHERING OR DECIPHERING APPARATUS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PURPOSES INVOLVING THE NEED FOR SECRECY ## Abstract Providing optical watermark signals for a visual authentication session by performing at least the following: receive, at an anti-spoof engine, an instruction to perform visual authentication operations for a visual authentication session, generate, with the anti-spoof engine, an optical watermark signal based on receiving the instruction, wherein the optical watermark signal includes at least one optical identifier to authenticate images captured during the visual authentication session, obtain, with the anti-spoof engine, an image source that includes captured images of the visual authentication session, determine, with the anti-spoof engine, whether the image source includes a reflected optical watermark signal, and compare, with the anti-spoof engine, whether the reflected optical watermark signal matches the generated optical watermark signal based on the determination that the image source includes the reflected optical watermark signal. ## Claims ### Claim at position 1 1-25. (canceled) ### Claim 26 An apparatus to prevent spoofing of a visual authentication session, the apparatus comprising: memory; and processor circuitry to execute instructions that cause the processor circuitry to at least: select an optical pattern to encode into a watermark; encode a data element within the optical pattern based on modifying a feature of the optical pattern; and generate an optical signal for the visual authentication session, the optical signal including the optical pattern encoded with the data element. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the optical pattern includes a dot grid pattern, the feature of the optical pattern including a spacing of dots of the dot grid pattern, the processor circuitry to encode the data element within the optical pattern by modifying the spacing between the dots of the dot grid pattern. ### Claim 28 (depends on 26) The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the data element includes at least one of timestamp information, a unique identifier of a computer including the processor circuitry, or a randomly generated number. ### Claim 29 (depends on 26) The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the processor circuitry is to modulate at least one of an amplitude, a phase, or a frequency of the optical signal to encode the data element within the optical pattern. ### Claim 30 (depends on 26) The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the optical pattern is a first optical pattern and the processor circuitry is to: determine a first complexity of the first optical pattern and a second complexity of a second optical pattern, the first complexity associated with a first processing efficiency of the first optical pattern, the second complexity associated with a second processing efficiency of the second optical pattern; and select the first optical pattern to encode into the watermark based on the first complexity of the first optical pattern satisfying a security level of the visual authentication session and the first processing efficiency being greater than the second processing efficiency. ### Claim 31 (depends on 26) The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the optical pattern includes a geometric shape. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the processor circuitry is to select the geometric shape based on at least one of speed with which at least one of the processor circuitry or additional processor circuitry may process the optical signal encoded with the geometric shape or a level of protection offered by the optical signal encoded with the geometric shape. ### Claim 33 At least one of a storage device or a storage disk comprising instructions to prevent spoofing of a visual authentication session that, when executed, cause a machine to at least: select an optical pattern to encode into a watermark; encode a data element within the optical pattern based on modifying a feature of the optical pattern; and generate an optical signal for the visual authentication session, the optical signal including the optical pattern encoded with the data element. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) The at least one storage device or storage disk of claim 33, wherein the optical pattern includes a dot grid pattern, the feature of the optical pattern including a spacing of dots of the dot grid pattern, and the instructions, when executed, cause the machine to encode the data element within the optical pattern by modifying the spacing between the dots of the dot grid pattern. ### Claim 35 (depends on 33) The at least one storage device or storage disk of claim 33, wherein the data element includes at least one of timestamp information, a unique identifier of a computer including the machine, or a randomly generated number. ### Claim 36 (depends on 33) The at least one storage device or storage disk of claim 33, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the machine to modulate at least one of an amplitude, a phase, or a frequency of the optical signal to encode the data element within the optical pattern. ### Claim 37 (depends on 33) The at least one storage device or storage disk of claim 33, wherein the optical pattern is a first optical pattern and the instructions, when executed, cause the machine to: determine a first complexity of the first optical pattern and a second complexity of a second optical pattern, the first complexity associated with a first processing efficiency of the first optical pattern, the second complexity associated with a second processing efficiency of the second optical pattern; and select the first optical pattern to encode into the watermark based on the first complexity of the first optical pattern satisfying a security level of the visual authentication session and the first processing efficiency being greater than the second processing efficiency. ### Claim 38 (depends on 33) The at least one storage device or storage disk of claim 33, wherein the optical pattern includes a geometric shape. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) The at least one storage device or storage disk of claim 38, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the machine to select the geometric shape based on at least one of speed with which at least one of the machine or an additional machine may process the optical signal encoded with the geometric shape or a level of protection offered by the optical signal encoded with the geometric shape. ### Claim 40 A method to prevent spoofing of a visual authentication session, the method comprising: selecting, by executing an instruction with processor circuitry, an optical pattern to encode into a watermark; encoding, by executing an instruction with the processor circuitry, a data element within the optical pattern based on modifying a feature of the optical pattern; and generating, by executing an instruction with the processor circuitry, an optical signal for the visual authentication session, the optical signal including the optical pattern encoded with the data element. ### Claim 41 (depends on 40) The method of claim 40, wherein the optical pattern includes a dot grid pattern, the feature of the optical pattern including a spacing of dots of the dot grid pattern, and the method further includes encoding the data element within the optical pattern by modifying the spacing between the dots of the dot grid pattern. ### Claim 42 (depends on 40) The method of claim 40, wherein the data element includes at least one of timestamp information, a unique identifier of a computer including the processor circuitry, or a randomly generated number. ### Claim 43 (depends on 40) The method of claim 40, further including modulating at least one of an amplitude, a phase, or a frequency of the optical signal to encode the data element within the optical pattern. ### Claim 44 (depends on 40) The method of claim 40, wherein the optical pattern is a first optical pattern and the method further includes: determining a first complexity of the first optical pattern and a second complexity of a second optical pattern, the first complexity associated with a first processing efficiency of the first optical pattern, the second complexity associated with a second processing efficiency of the second optical pattern; and selecting the first optical pattern to encode into the watermark based on the first complexity of the first optical pattern satisfying a security level of the visual authentication session and the first processing efficiency being greater than the second processing efficiency. ### Claim 45 (depends on 40) The method of claim 40, wherein the optical pattern includes a geometric shape and the method further includes selecting the geometric shape based on at least one of speed with which at least one of the processor circuitry or additional processor circuitry may process the optical signal encoded with the geometric shape or a level of protection offered by the optical signal encoded with the geometric shape.