Devices, cartridge, and sensors for controlling liquid movement and analyzing biological samples

A method of analyzing a biological sample, comprising:

• depositing a biological sample into a cartridge;
• transporting the biological sample within the cartridge using a plurality of electrowetting electrodes;
• analyzing the biological sample using one or more sensors within the cartridge to generate analytical data;
• and
• transmitting the analytical data from the cartridge.

A system, comprising

• (a) a cartridge configured to analyze a biological sample, the cartridge comprising:
• (i) a sensor comprising:
• a first channel segment;
• a second channel segment;
• a pore or a channel fluidly connecting the first channel segment and the second channel segment;
• an electrode pair configured apply a multiplexed electrical current or voltage to the pore or channel;
• and
• an electrode pair configured to detect impedance at a plurality of frequencies within the pore or channel, wherein the electrode pair configured to apply the multiplexed electrical current and the electrode pair configured to detect the impedance are the same electrode pair or different electrode pairs;
• and
• (ii) a device interface electrically connected to the sensor;
• and
• (b) a device configured to interface with and operate the cartridge, comprising one or more processors and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for determining a cell count or an analyte concentration based on the detected impedance, wherein the detected impedance comprises at least a first multivariate impedance pattern at a first frequency and a second multivariate impedance pattern at a second frequency.

A method of determining a cell count in a biological sample, comprising:

• transporting the biological sample through a sensor comprising a channel or pore;
• applying a multiplexed electrical current or voltage to the channel or pore;
• detecting a multiplexed impedance within the channel or pore, the multiplexed impedance comprising at least a first multivariate impedance pattern at a first frequency and a second multivariate impedance pattern at a second frequency;
• and
• determining a cell count based on the detected multiplexed impedance.

A method of detecting an analyte in a biological sample, comprising:

• transporting the biological sample through a sensor comprising a channel or pore, the biological sample comprising an analyte bound to an affinity moiety;
• applying an electrical current or voltage to the channel or pore;
• detecting an impedance within the channel or pore;
• and
• detecting the analyte based on the detected impedance.

A method of transporting a liquid, comprising:

• positioning an aqueous liquid on a first hydrophobic liquid contact surface above an inactivated first electrowetting electrode;
• and
• activating a second electrowetting electrode by applying a voltage of about 50 volts or less to the second electrowetting electrode, thereby transporting the aqueous liquid from the first hydrophobic liquid contact surface to a second hydrophobic liquid contact surface above the second electrowetting electrode;
• wherein the first electrowetting electrode and the second electrowetting electrode are coated with and separated by an insulating layer.

A metal oxide semiconductor capacitor (MOSCap) sensor, comprising:

• a first sensor segment comprising a first electrode and a first semiconductor layer;
• a second sensor segment comprising a second electrode and a second semiconductor layer;
• and
• a space between the first sensor segment and the second sensor segment configured to allow liquid flow;
• wherein the first sensor segment, second sensor segment, and the space are in a stacked configuration.