Image forming apparatus, process cartridge, cartridge set, and image forming method

A process cartridge attached detachably to a main body of an image forming apparatus, the process cartridge comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member;
• and
• a developing device comprising a toner, the developing device being for supplying the toner to the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein
• the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a surface layer comprising a binder resin (A),
• the binder resin (A) comprises a structure represented by the following formula (1):
• where, each R11 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
• the toner comprises a toner particle,
• the toner particle comprises a binder resin (B) and a wax, and
• the wax has a value δp(w) of a polarity term based on Hansen solubility parameters of 1.8 to 2.5 (J/cm3)0.5.

A cartridge set comprising a first cartridge and a second cartridge attached detachably to a main body of an image forming apparatus, wherein

• the first cartridge comprises an electrophotographic photosensitive member,
• the second cartridge comprises a toner container comprising a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member to form a toner image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member,
• the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a surface layer comprising a binder resin (A),
• the binder resin (A) comprises a structure represented by the following formula (1):
• where, each R11 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
• the toner comprises a toner particle,
• the toner particle comprises a binder resin (B) and a wax, and
• the wax has a value δp(w) of a polarity term based on Hansen solubility parameters of 1.8 to 2.5 (J/cm3)0.5.

An image forming method in which an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a toner are used,

• the method comprising a developing process of supplying the toner to the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein
• the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a surface layer comprising a binder resin (A),
• the binder resin (A) comprises a structure represented by the following formula (1):
• where, each R11 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
• the toner comprises a toner particle,
• the toner particle comprises a binder resin (B) and a wax, and
• the wax has a value δp(w) of a polarity term based on Hansen solubility parameters of 1.8 to 2.5 (J/cm3)0.5.

An image forming apparatus comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member;
• and
• a developing device comprising a toner, the developing device being for supplying the toner to the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein
• the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a surface layer comprising a binder resin (A),
• the binder resin (A) comprises a structure represented by the following formula (1):
• where, each R11 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
• the toner comprises a toner particle,
• the toner particle comprises a binder resin (B) and a wax, and
• the wax comprises a diester compound represented by the following formula (3):
• where, R1 represents an alkylene group having a number of carbon atoms of 1 to 3, and R2 and R3 independently represent alkylene groups having a number of carbon atoms of 15 to 22.