Fossil fuels such as bituminous coal and lignite, agricultural and forestry wastes such as straws and branches, waste plastics such as polyolefins and other combustible solid and semi-solid wastes are pre-treated with non-toxic auxiliary materials, mixed, molded, and then stacked in stoves that are limited to non-mandatory combustion uses, and the molded fuel (hereinafter referred to as ‘molded coal’) static and non-blowing and ignite up way of combustion using the stove stoves in the group stack, to achieve the whole zero-smoke state, high sulfur fixation, clean and efficient combustion, exhaust gas can be directly exhausted (except for garbage and other waste fuel itself contains high temperature can be volatile toxic heavy metal elements and the case) technology, compared with the existing scattered stoves, disorderly combustion of these solid fuels, emissions of a large number of smoke, thermal cracking and thermal disintegration of toxic and harmful substances produced and not fully burned technology, its characteristics are:
- integration of the following 14 technical principles, programs, measures and methods to achieve these beneficial technical effects, namely—
- (1) The general technical principle is that coal is fully (completely) burned in a static, non-blowing state, controlled as an orderly, oxygen-rich 5-10% condition throughout;
- (2) The four methods and technical measures of the existing “upper ignition honeycomb coal” technology that are not claimed but used are {circle around (1)} upper ignition method, {circle around (2)} longitudinal stacking method with the ignition layer of the molding fuel on top, the pilot layer in the middle and the main combustion layer on the bottom, {circle around (3)} a large combustion chamber formed with the aid of a gathering fire plate on top of the supporting stove, and {circle around (4)} a secondary ventilation structure;
- (3) selection of mixed alcohol gel pastes or gel pancakes (8) with low carbon atomic numbers of 2-9 carbon atoms either alone as an ignition agent or in combination with straw charcoal grille (11) respectively as an ignition agent;
- (4) The fuel used for the pilot coal (10) must contain a high volatile content, with a suitable range of 30-40-50%, while the lower coal (9) may have an unlimited range, but a suitable range of 20-30-40%;
- (5) the ignition point and particle size of each fuel component of the pilot coal (10) and the lower coal (9), and the particle size of each component itself, shall be distributed in a gradient according to the principle of producing a progressive combustion effect;
- (6) Potassium hydroxide is used to saponify lignite, weathered coal, peat and other ingredients rich in macromolecular organic acids to form calcium, potassium and sodium salts of humic acid and other macromolecular organic acids with alkalized plant fibers to form a self-produced inexpensive organic binder for pilot coal (10) and lower coal (9), and helps to reduce the ash content of the formula (compared with inorganic binder), increase the calorific value of the formula, and delay the reduction of the calorific value of the coal during the storage period due to the coating of all coal powder (anti-dropout);
- (7) selecting pigment iron red with particle size below 50 nm with a mass ratio of 10% or more to replace expensive ferrocene as coal water coal gasification catalyst and combustion catalyst to facilitate long time and long flame combustion;
- (8) the principle of high sulfur fixation rate and sulfur fixation agent formulations are characterized by—{circle around (1)} coal-based sulfur iron ore thermal decomposition has a special way, that is, in the presence of ultra-fine activated carbon powder or reducing iron powder, which are strong reducing agents, the temperature as low as 200° C., the reaction formula FeS2==FeS+S take place, decomposition of ½ equivalent sulfur, at 300-400° C., the rapid decomposition of almost all the sulfur, followed by oxidation of sulfur oxide gas, there is a huge difference comparing with oxidation desulfurization reaction with ordinary sulfur iron ore which requires 600-800° C. high temperature;
- {circle around (2)} traditional scattered, disorderly combustion of sulfur-containing fuel way after ignition, in this temperature range, elemental sulfur, organic, inorganic sulfur-containing, nitrogen-containing components almost with thermal cracking, thermal disintegration generated and failed to fully combustion of macromolecular hydrocarbons and fine carbon powder synchronous rapid decomposition, escape, so that the tail gas of scattered bituminous coal thick smoke entrained with sulfur-containing nitrogen-containing organic matter asphyxiating characteristics of bad odor;
- {circle around (3)} the formed coal contains and adds a part of fine coal powder and charcoal powder, which met the condition of decomposing sulfur at 200-300-400° C., but because of the orderly and progressive downward movement of the red hot coal seam, the elemental sulfur is decomposed and oxidized in a differential way (not in a sharp way), and also because of the 3-5 times high equivalent ratio of sulfur fixing agent calcium oxide and sodium and potassium, and evenly mixed with coal combustion powder, so most of the sulfur oxide is neutralized and becomes calcium sulfite, sodium and potassium, and then oxidized to sulfate fixed in the cinder;
- {circle around (4)} the reason why it is appropriate to choose 3-5 to 1 ratio between the amount of calcium oxide and the total sulfur in the fuel is that some of the calcium oxide will be consumed in combination with silica-oxygen groups, macromolecular organic acids and other acids;
- (9) The design ash content of the pilot coal (10) and lower coal (9) is 12-15%, plus the chemical composition of the ash control, furnace temperature control, burning slag in a static, non-blowing combustion mode, not only to maintain the shape of not collapse blocking the ventilation holes, but also because of the dense, moderate strength, after burning only a slight pounding can fall into the ash collection tank, less dust, and burning slag non-toxic, slightly alkaline (water leachate PH value be controlled at 7-8), containing calcium and sulfur (gypsum form), potassium, magnesium, iron, silicon and other useful elements, mixed with composted plant fertilizer, acid clay agglomerate structure improver and fertilizer, or cement and other building materials used as raw materials;
- (10) the characteristics of the heat releasing main lower coal (9) are {circle around (1)} because of the formation of the upper end of the high temperature zone, it is easy to smoothly catch fire, so the formula is more flexible, focusing on the selection of cheap fuel, {circle around (2)} a variety of technical measures to control the achieved reasonable assignment of components such as volatile proportion, particle size distribution, the composition and forming-method of the bonding agent, the selection and the ration of the fixed carbon coal gasification catalyst, high solid sulfur principles and carbon powder lime addition measures, ash content of the burner, etc., basically the same as the pilot coal (10), {circle around (3)} long flame, full combustion needs as much water gasification of fixed carbon as possible, so the total moisture inside and outside the molecule when it enters the furnace to maintain a quality ratio of 5-8% is good, and put water vapor in the ash collection tank to maintain continuous and stable water gasification of fixed carbon;
- (11) {circle around (1)} the total area of ventilation holes of formed coal, compared with the current burning anthracite coal type, is expanded by more than 10%, or even 25-30%, which is adjusted according to the product usage and fuel composition, in order to meet the demand of high oxygen consumption for rapid combustion of high volatile fuels, and to expand the ventilation holes mainly in the central part of the cross-section, which can be directly derived from the attached FIG. 2, the area of the inner circle ventilation holes (13) is 30% larger than that of the outer circle ventilation holes (12), {circle around (2)} when stacking multiple combination units laterally in a larger chamber, the distance between the combination units in the central part is 2-3 mm larger than the surrounding units, {circle around (3)} the area of the main air inlet cum ash outlet (5) in the lower part of the stove stove is 5-20% larger than the area of the ventilation holes of the existing smokeless briquette burning stove stove, and the higher and more the combined unit, the closer it is to 20%, {circle around (4)} industrial stove installation into the air volume automatic control system, to ensure that the combustion process out of the flame is always oxidation flame form, the excess oxygen supply coefficient 5-10% is more moderate, with these four measures to increase the amount of oxygen supply, which is one of the conditions of no blower, no high chimney to achieve full combustion;
- (12) the whole or large combustion chamber (7) of the furnace core (2) plus the pilot coal (10) corresponding to the height part, and the fire gathering board (6) are matched with the type coal, {circle around (1)} white and light-colored materials with high magnesium and low transitional element composition, which emphasize heat preservation and fire resistance are used for modular production, the inner wall of the two should maintain a certain degree of smoothness to facilitate the reflection of light and heat, which is necessary for the cold weather ignition on small miniature cold stove stoves, and to assist in the rapid formation of a large combustion chamber after ignition (7) high temperature zone, {circle around (2)} the overall alkaline core (2) can avoid bonding alkaline slag, and the volume of the large combustion chamber (7) is suitable for the volume of a lower coal (9), which is a suitable space necessary to achieve full combustion of gas;
- (13) the coal pile combination structure and combustion method is—{circle around (1)} each combination unit from the top to the bottom:
- one of the straw charcoal grille (11), one squeezed into the ignition paste or ignition cake (8), one pilot coal (10), the lower coal (9) 1-3, the larger chamber can be stacked horizontally arbitrary multiple combination units;
- {circle around (2)} after the coal pile is placed into the furnace core (2), cover the fire gathering board (6), throw into the burning a few centimeters of paper strips or first throw the paper strips and then cover the fire gathering board (6), immediately began to zero smoke, orderly, long flame, full combustion, a few minutes to ten minutes, visible pilot coal (10) top red hot coal layer obviously down, clean combustion process can be consolidated
- (14) the full combustion process of the pilot coal (10) and the lower coal (9) is burned first by the agricultural and forestry waste particles, other volatile components and nanoscale carbon in turn, at this time the red hot coal layer has a considerable number of microporous as a fixed carbon micro coal gasification reaction generator and combustion chamber, increasing the amount of gasification combustion, which is conducive to increasing the long flame combustion period;
- the gas continues to burn through the red hot coal seam as the ventilation holes (12) and (13) of the small combustion chamber;
- then through the large combustion chamber (7) to complete the full combustion;
- and finally in the main torch with the secondary air intake to supplement the combustion, through this 4-stage continuous combustion to achieve full combustion.