# US 2021/0175729 A1 · Battery Management Systems and Methods > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2021/0175729 A1 - Document ID: US20210175729A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/112,301 - Filed: 2020-12-04 - Published: 2021-06-10 - Earliest claimed: 2019-12-06 - Assignees: The Raymond Corporation - Applicants: The Raymond Corporation - Inventors: David Rea; Kenneth L. Kaye; David James Reed; Matthew Fronk; Thaddeus Grey - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210175729A1 ## CPC - H01M 10/425: {Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing (printed circuits H05K1/00)} - H02J 7/855: {with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery} - H01M 10/48: Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte (constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569) - H01M 10/486: {for measuring temperature} - H02J 7/40: characterised by the exchange of charge or discharge related data - H02J 7/50: acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially - H02J 7/80: including monitoring or indicating arrangements - H02J 7/977: {of the battery} - H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators - H01M 2010/4271: {Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing} - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract A battery management system is provided. The battery management system includes a controller comprising at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory comprising instructions executed by the at least one processor to receive load information about a load from a load sensor, receive battery operating information from a battery sensor, determine a number of battery modules needed to supply the load and operate each battery module at or below a preferred discharge rate based on the load information and the battery operating information, select a group of battery modules included in the battery based on the number of battery modules and the battery operating information, each battery module included in the group of batteries having a current depth of discharge within the preferred depth of discharge range, and instruct the battery to supply the load using the group of battery modules. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A battery management system, the battery management system comprising: a battery sensor coupled to a battery comprising at least one battery module, the at least one battery module being associated with a preferred depth of discharge range and a preferred discharge rate; a load sensor coupled to a load; an actuator coupled to the at least one battery module and the load; and a controller coupled to the battery sensor, the load sensor, and the actuator, the controller comprising at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising instructions executed by the at least one processor to: receive load information about the load from the load sensor; receive battery operating information from the battery sensor; determine a number of battery modules needed to supply the load and operate each battery module at or below the preferred discharge rate based on the load information and the battery operating information; select a group of battery modules included in the battery based on the number of battery modules and the battery operating information, each battery module included in the group of battery modules having a current depth of discharge within the preferred depth of discharge range; and instruct the battery to supply the load using the group of battery modules. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the battery comprises at least two battery modules, and wherein the number of battery modules a first battery module and a second battery modules included in the battery. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the battery is a lithium-ion battery. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The battery management system of claim 1, wherein a minimum depth of discharge of the preferred depth of discharge range is greater than a predetermined minimum state of charge associated with the at least one battery module. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the preferred discharge rate is less than a maximum allowable discharge rate associated with the at least one battery module. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The battery management system of claim 5, wherein the preferred depth of discharge range and the maximum allowable discharge rate are previously determined based on testing. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The battery management system of claim 6, wherein the testing comprises operating a plurality of batteries at a plurality of predetermined discharge ranges and a plurality of predetermined maximum allowable discharge rates. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor further executes the instructions to: receive a battery profile comprising a plurality of operating parameter sets, each operating parameter set comprising a preferred discharge rate, a preferred depth of discharge range, and at least one environmental factor. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The battery management system of claim 8, wherein a first operating parameter set included in the plurality of operating parameter sets includes a first discharge rate, a first preferred depth of discharge range, and a first environmental factor, a second operating parameter set included in the plurality of operating parameter sets includes a second discharge rate, a second preferred depth of discharge range, and a second environmental factor, and at least one of the first discharge rate differs from the second discharge rate, the first preferred depth of discharge range differs from the second preferred depth of discharge range, or the first environmental factor differs from the second environmental factor. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The battery management system of claim 9, wherein the battery operation information comprises a battery operational temperature, and wherein the first environmental factor is a first preferred battery temperature range and the second environmental factor is a second preferred battery temperature range, the first preferred battery temperature range including the battery operational temperature, and the second preferred battery temperature range not including the battery operational temperature. ### Claim 11 A battery management system, the battery management system comprising: a battery sensor coupled to a battery comprising at least two battery modules; a load sensor coupled to a load; an actuator coupled to the at least two battery modules and the load; and a controller coupled to the battery sensor, the load sensor, and the actuator, the controller comprising at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising instructions executed by the at least one processor to: receive a battery profile comprising a plurality of operating parameter sets, each operating parameter set comprising a preferred discharge rate, a preferred depth of discharge range, and at least one environmental factor; receive load information about the load from the load sensor; receive battery operating information from the battery sensor; select a target operating parameter set included in the plurality of operating parameter sets based on the battery operating information; determine a number of battery modules needed to supply the load based on the load information, the battery operating information, and target operating parameter set; select a group of battery modules included in the battery based on the number of battery modules and the battery operating information; and instruct the battery to supply the load using the group of battery modules. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The battery management system of claim 11, wherein the battery operating information comprises a battery operating temperature and the at least one environmental factor comprises a preferred battery temperature, and wherein the at least one processor further executes the instructions to: determine that the target operating parameter set includes a preferred battery temperature closer to the battery operating temperature than all other operating parameter sets included in the plurality of operating parameter sets. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The battery management system of claim 12, wherein the load information comprises an amperage requirement, and wherein the at least one processor further executes the instructions to: determine the number of battery modules needed to both meet the amperage requirement and discharge each battery module included in the group of battery modules at an operational discharge rate closest to the preferred discharge rate. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The battery management system of claim 11, wherein a first operating parameter set included in the plurality of operating parameter sets includes a first discharge rate, a first preferred depth of discharge range, and a first environmental factor, a second operating parameter set included in the plurality of operating parameter sets includes a second discharge rate, a second preferred depth of discharge range, and a second environmental factor, and at least one of the first discharge rate differs from the second discharge rate, the first preferred depth of discharge range differs from the second preferred depth of discharge range, or the first environmental factor differs from the second environmental factor. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The battery management system of claim 14, wherein the battery operation information comprises a battery operational temperature, and wherein the first environmental factor is a first preferred battery temperature range and the second environmental factor is a second preferred battery temperature range, the first preferred battery temperature range including the battery operational temperature, and the second preferred battery temperature range not including the battery operational temperature. ### Claim 16 A battery management method comprising: receiving load information about a load from a load sensor coupled to the load; receiving battery operating information from a battery sensor coupled to a battery comprising a plurality of battery modules; determining a number of battery modules needed to supply the load and operate each battery module included in the battery at or below a preferred discharge rate based on the load information and the battery operating information; selecting a group of battery modules included in the battery based on the number of battery modules and the battery operating information, each battery module included in the group of battery modules having a current depth of discharge within a preferred depth of discharge range; and instructing the battery to supply the load using the group of battery modules. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the battery is a lithium-ion battery comprising at least two battery modules, and wherein the number of battery modules a first battery module and a second battery modules included in the battery. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16 further comprising: receiving a battery profile comprising a plurality of operating parameter sets. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein a first operating parameter set included in the plurality of operating parameter sets includes a first discharge rate, a first preferred depth of discharge range, and a first environmental factor, a second operating parameter set included in the plurality of operating parameter sets includes a second discharge rate, a second preferred depth of discharge range, and a second environmental factor, and at least one of the first discharge rate differs from the second discharge rate, the first preferred depth of discharge range differs from the second preferred depth of discharge range, or the first environmental factor differs from the second environmental factor. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, wherein the battery operation information comprises a battery operational temperature, and wherein the first environmental factor is a first preferred battery temperature range and the second environmental factor is a second preferred battery temperature range, the first preferred battery temperature range including the battery operational temperature, and the second preferred battery temperature range not including the battery operational temperature.