# US 2021/0175720 A1 · Systems and apparatuses to aggregate distributed energy resources > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2021/0175720 A1 - Document ID: US20210175720A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 17/114,201 - Filed: 2020-12-07 - Published: 2021-06-10 - Earliest claimed: 2019-12-06 - Assignees: Enel X S.R.L. - Applicants: Enel X North America, Inc. - Inventors: John Michael Fife - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20210175720A1 ## CPC - H02J 3/381: {Dispersed generators} - G05B 19/042: using digital processors (G05B19/05 takes precedence) - H02J 13/13: characterised by the transmission of data to equipment in the power network - G05B 2219/2639: Energy management, use maximum of cheap power, keep peak load low - H02J 3/32: using batteries or super capacitors with converting means - H02J 2101/24: Photovoltaics - H02J 2101/28: Wind energy - H02J 2105/12: supplying households or buildings - Y02E 10/56: Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G) - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract Apparatuses, systems, and methods of apportioning an aggregate maneuver is disclosed. An aggregation engine receives aggregation opportunity information requesting an aggregate change in power of one or more sites. The aggregation engine transmits participation opportunity information to a plurality of site controllers. The participation opportunity information indicate a site benefit for providing a site change in power. The aggregation engine also receives commitment information from the plurality of site controllers, the commitment information indicating levels of commitment of the plurality of site controllers to contribute site change in power to a target change in power of the aggregation opportunity. The aggregation engine, as appropriate, further transmits updated participation opportunity information including an adjusted proposed site benefit, an adjusted proposed site change in power, or both to the plurality of site controllers, until an aggregate change in power of the one or more sites is within a threshold level of the target change in power. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An aggregation engine to coordinate an aggregate response to a request to change power, the aggregation engine comprising: a memory to store parameters describing a request to change power of one or more sites, the parameters including a target change in power to comply with the request; and one or more processors operably coupled to the memory, the one or more processors to iteratively, until an aggregate change in power is within a threshold of the target change in power: transmit participation opportunity information to a plurality of site controllers each controlling one or more distributed energy resources (DERs) of an electrical system at a site of the one or more sites to optimize operation of the electrical system based on the participation opportunity information, wherein the participation opportunity information indicates one or more parameters for a site change in power to contribute to bringing the aggregate change in power toward the target change in power and indicates an associated benefit for the site change in power; and receive commitment information from each of the plurality of site controllers indicating a level of site change in power contributing to bringing the aggregate change in power toward the target change in power; determine the aggregate change in power from the commitment information; and modify the participating opportunity information, as appropriate, based on the commitment information. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The aggregation engine of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors modify the participating opportunity information by changing the associated benefit for the site change in power. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The aggregation engine of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors modify the opportunity information as appropriate toward achieving the target change in power with a minimum aggregate benefit to the one or more sites. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The aggregation engine of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors modify the opportunity information to optimize attaining the target change by seeking to increase the aggregate change in power and seeking to reduce an aggregate benefit to the one or more sites. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The aggregation engine of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors modify the opportunity information to optimize attaining the target change by seeking to maximizing the aggregate change in power and minimize the aggregate benefit to the one or more sites. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The aggregation engine of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors modify the opportunity information to optimize attaining the target change by seeking to maximizing the site change in power and minimize the associated benefit. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The aggregation engine of claim 1, wherein the participation opportunity information indicates how the associated benefit for the site change in power is to vary for time points of a future period of time. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The aggregation engine of claim 7, wherein the associated benefit varies over the future period of time based on expected fluctuations in demand for electrical power over the future period of time. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The aggregation engine of claim 1, wherein the parameters describing the request to change power include an aggregate benefit to be received for complying with the request to change power by bringing the aggregate change in power to the target change in power. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The aggregation engine of claim 9, wherein a sum of associated benefit to the one or more sites is smaller than the aggregate benefit. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The aggregation engine of claim 9, wherein the associated benefit to the one or more sites is monetary. ### Claim 12 A computer implemented method to coordinate an aggregate response to a request to change power, the method comprising: receiving parameters describing a request to change power of one or more sites, the parameters including a target change in power to comply with the request; iteratively, until an aggregate change in power is within a threshold of the target change in power: transmitting participation opportunity information to a plurality of site controllers each controlling one or more distributed energy resources (DERs) of an electrical system at a site of the one or more sites to optimize operation of the electrical system based on the participation opportunity information, wherein the participation opportunity information indicates one or more parameters for a site change in power to contribute to bringing the aggregate change in power toward the target change in power and indicates an associated benefit for the site change in power; receiving commitment information from each of the plurality of site controllers indicating a level of site change in power contributing to bringing the aggregate change in power toward the target change in power; determining the aggregate committed change in power from the commitment information; and modifying the participating opportunity information, as appropriate toward achieving the target change in power with a minimum sum of benefits to the sites to comply with the request, based on the commitment information. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein modifying the participating opportunity information comprises changing the associated benefit for the site change in power. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein modifying the participating opportunity information comprises modifying the opportunity information as appropriate toward achieving the target change in power with a minimum aggregate benefit to the one or more sites. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein modifying the participating opportunity information comprises modifying the opportunity information to optimize attaining the target change by seeking to increase the aggregate change in power and seeking to reduce an aggregate benefit to the one or more sites. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein modifying the participating opportunity information comprises modifying the opportunity information to optimize attaining the target change by seeking to maximizing the aggregate change in power and minimize the aggregate benefit to the one or more sites. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein modifying the participating opportunity information comprises modifying the opportunity information to optimize attaining the target change by seeking to maximizing the site change in power and minimize the associated benefit. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein the participation opportunity information indicates how the associated benefit for the site change in power is to vary for time points of a future period of time. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the associated benefit varies over the future period of time based on expected fluctuations in demand for electrical power over the future period of time. ### Claim 20 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein the parameters describing the request to change power include an aggregate benefit to be received for complying with the request to change power by bringing the aggregate change in power to the target change in power. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein a sum of associated benefit to the one or more sites is smaller than the aggregate benefit. ### Claim 22 An electrical system controller, comprising: an electrical system interface configured to communicate with one or more distributed energy resources (DERS) of an electrical system at a site, the one or more DERs controllable via the electrical system interface; an aggregate interface configured to communicate with an aggregation engine, the aggregation engine in communication with a plurality of electrical system controllers at a plurality of sites, including the site, to coordinate an aggregate response to an aggregate opportunity, wherein the aggregate opportunity comprises parameters describing a request to change power of one or more sites of the plurality of sites, the parameters including a target change in power to comply with the request; and one or more processors configured to: determine an extended control plan to control operation of the electrical system over an upcoming time domain based on participation opportunity information received from the aggregation engine, wherein the participation opportunity information indicates one or more parameters for a site change in power to contribute to bringing an aggregate change in power toward the target change in power and indicates an associated benefit for the site change in power; control the one or more DERs, via the electrical system interface, according to the extended control plan to contribute a level of the site change toward the aggregate change in power; and communicate, to the aggregation engine, commitment information indicating the level of the site change in power being contributed. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The electrical system controller of claim 22, wherein the one or more processors determine the extended control plan by determining an optimal extended control plan that optimizes both the cost of the level of commitment to the site change in power and the associated benefit. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The electrical system controller of claim 23, wherein the one or more processors determine the optimal extended control plan by constructing a cost function including a sum of cost elements of operating the electrical system and performing an optimization algorithm on the cost function, wherein the cost elements include a cost element for both the cost of the level of commitment to the site change in power and the associated benefit.