Inverse Ugelstad Particles

A method of nucleic acid amplification, comprising:

• providing monodisperse cross-linked hydrogel polymer particles, wherein each particle comprises a polymer formed from
• (a) a hydrophilic vinylic monomer having a log Poct/wat (log P) of less than about 1, and
• (b) a crosslinker comprising at least two vinyl groups, wherein each particle comprises one or more oligonucleotides attached to the particle;
• and
• amplifying the one or more oligonucleotides by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or emulsion PCR amplification to provide a plurality of polynucleotide templates attached to the particle.

A method for nucleic acid amplification, comprising:

• providing monodisperse cross-linked hydrogel polymer particles, wherein each particle comprises a polymer formed from
• (a) a hydrophilic vinylic monomer having a log Poct/wat (log P) of less than about 1, and
• (b) a crosslinker comprising at least two vinyl groups, wherein each particle comprises one or more oligonucleotides attached to the particle;
• hybridizing a polynucleotide to at least one of the one or more first oligonucleotides;
• and
• conducting a primer extension reaction on the polynucleotide.

A method of oligonucleotide sequencing, comprising:

• providing monodisperse cross-linked hydrogel polymer particles, wherein each particle comprises a polymer formed from
• (a) a hydrophilic vinylic monomer having a log Poct/wat (log P) of less than about 1, and
• (b) a crosslinker comprising at least two vinyl groups, wherein each particle comprises one or more polynucleotides attached to the particle;
• and
• sequencing the polynucleotides by chemical field-effect transistor (chemFET) based sequencing or ion sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) based sequencing.