A method for preventing and/or inhibiting tumor growth in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject one or more doses of a composition comprising a plurality of exosomes generated from stem cells, optionally embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), or a combination thereof, which have been modified to express a granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) polypeptide, optionally a mammalian GM-CSF polypeptide, in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to prevent and/or inhibit tumor growth in the subject.