Lipid nanoparticle formulations of non-viral, capsid-free dna vectors

The lipid particle of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the DNA vector is obtained from a vector polynucleotide, wherein the vector polynucleotide encodes a heterologous nucleic acid operatively positioned between two inverted terminal repeat sequences (ITRs), wherein the two ITS are different from each other (asymmetric), and at least one of the ITRs is a functional ITR comprising a functional terminal resolution site and a Rep binding site, and one of the ITRs comprises a deletion, insertion, and/or substitution relative to the functional ITR;

• the presence of Rep protein inducing replication of the vector polynucleotide and production of the DNA vector in an insect cell, the DNA vector being obtainable from a process comprising the steps of:
• a. incubating a population of insect cells harboring the vector polynucleotide, which is devoid of viral capsid coding sequences, in the presence of Rep protein under conditions effective and for time sufficient to induce production of the capsid-free, non-viral DNA vector within the insect cells, wherein the insect cells do not comprise production of capsid-free, non-viral DNA within the insect cells in the absence of the vector;
• and
• b. harvesting and isolating the capsid-free, non-viral DNA from the insect cells.