Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

A process cartridge integrally supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive member and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit, and a cleaning unit, and being detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus,

• wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a photosensitive layer provided on the support, and a surface layer provided on the photosensitive layer, and
• the surface layer contains a cured product of a composition containing a charge transporting substance having a polymerizable functional group, a compound represented by the following Formula (1), a fluororesin particle, and polyvinyl acetal,
• in Formula (1), R21 and R22 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 or more and 4 or fewer carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group,
• a substituent included in the aryl group is an alkyl group having 4 or fewer carbon atoms, R21 and R22 may be bonded to each other to form a ring,
• R23 represents an alkyl group having 1 or more and 4 or fewer carbon atoms, R24 and R25 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R26 and R27 each independently represent an alkylene group having 1 or more and 4 or fewer carbon atoms.

An electrophotographic apparatus comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, and a transfer unit,
• wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a photosensitive layer provided on the support, and a surface layer provided on the photosensitive layer, and
• the surface layer contains a cured product of a composition containing a charge transporting substance having a polymerizable functional group, a compound represented by the following Formula (1), a fluororesin particle, and polyvinyl acetal,
• in Formula (1), R21 and R22 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 or more and 4 or fewer carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group,
• a substituent included in the aryl group is an alkyl group having 4 or fewer carbon atoms, R21 and R22 may be bonded to each other to form a ring, R23 represents an alkyl group having 1 or more and 4 or fewer carbon atoms, R24 and R25 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R26 and R27 each independently represent an alkylene group having 1 or more and 4 or fewer carbon atoms.