Apparatus and method for controlling laser light propagation direction by using a plularity of nano-antennas

A method for operating a plurality of nanoresonators to control a laser light propagation direction, each of the plurality of nanoresonators being a semiconductor p-i-n heterostructure, the method comprising:

• applying voltages to each of the plurality of nanoresonators to cause carriers to be injected into i-regions of the plurality of semiconductor p-i-n heterostructure, to change resonant properties of the plurality of nanoresonators by using the carriers injected into the i-regions, and to cause a phase shift to occur in a laser light passing through the plurality of nanoresonators,
• wherein the applying the voltages comprises setting the voltages so that the phase shift in each of the plurality of nanoresonators forms phase gradients in a single plane, and wherein the laser light is deflected in accordance with the phase gradients.