# US 2020/0403259 A1 · Carbon dioxide-Carbonate powered engine

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- Number: US 2020/0403259 A1
- Document ID: US20200403259A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/445,499
- Filed: 2019-06-19
- Published: 2020-12-24
- Earliest claimed: 2019-06-19
- Inventors: Rachel Wulf Smith
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20200403259A1

## CPC

- B60L 50/72: Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
- H01M 8/0612: from carbon-containing material
- B60L 58/30: for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- H01M 8/04089: of gaseous reactants
- H01M 8/04753: {of fuel cell reactants}
- H01M 2250/20: Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
- Y02E 60/50: Fuel cells
- Y02T 90/40: Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
- B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

The following is a design for a carbon dioxide-carbonate powered engine, which utilizes the chemical energy derived from the reaction between stored aqueous calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and introduced atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and water within an internal fuel cell in order to power a conventional motor. The electrons from carbonate ions (CO32−) formed from dissociated CaCO3 travel through the conductive wire which generates electricity for the attached engine. The electrons are deposited into the cathode chamber of the fuel cell in which they react with the dissolved carbon dioxide (in the form of carbonic acid) which yields a byproduct of bicarbonate (HCO3−). Storage reservoirs are utilized for CaCO3, water, and HCO3−. The utilization of the reaction between CaCO3 and CO2 is advantageous in comparison to traditional fossil fuel sources since this is a sustainable energy source that removes carbon dioxide, a known greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere.

## Claims

### Claim 1

The engine is comprised of a fuel cell in which the reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) takes place. The first means, or reaction input, includes the introduction of gaseous carbon dioxide mixed with ambient air to aqueous calcium carbonate in metered amounts. The second means, or output is the production of sodium carbonate and water.

### Claim 2

In which the following terms are defined as follows: “CO2” refers to carbon dioxide, and “CaCO3” refers to calcium carbonate. “The CO2—CaCO3 reaction” refers to the reaction between carbon dioxide and sodium hydroxide. The chemical symbol “HCO3−” refers to bicarbonate, “CO32−” refers to carbonate, and the chemical symbol “H2CO3” refers to carbonic acid. The term “fuel cell” refers to any container or device in which an internal reaction occurs, such as the reaction between CaCO3 and CO2. The term “aqueous” refers to the process of the following subject being dissolved in water. The terms “pump” and “carburetor” refer to any device that will aid in the circulation or transport of any substance, such as, but not limited to transport into and out of the fuel cell. The terms “end products” and “byproducts” refer to any substance produced from a chemical reaction within the fuel cell. The term “vehicle” refers to the vessel that which the fuel cell provides energy to. A vehicle by this definition may be mobile, such as a car, or it may be sedentary, such as a portable electric generator. This design may be incorporated into any motorized vehicle, as defined above. The terms “holding tank”, “tank” or “reservoir”, include any apparatus that which contains aqueous solutions, liquids, solids, or gasses such as, but not limited to, liquid water, aqueous calcium carbonate and aqueous bicarbonate.

### Claim 3

In which other sources of carbonate ions (CO32−) may be used in the fuel cell reaction. Calcium carbonate is recommended due to its relative abundance and low cost. Likewise, other sources of carbon dioxide other than from ambient air may be used for the fuel cell reaction.