# US 2020/0403239 A1 · Positive active material, method of preparing the same, and lithium secondary battery including the same

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- Number: US 2020/0403239 A1
- Document ID: US20200403239A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/961,672
- Filed: 2019-01-14
- Published: 2020-12-24
- Earliest claimed: 2018-01-12
- Assignees: Iucf-Hyu (Industry-University Cooperation Foundation Hanyang University)
- Applicants: Iucf-Hyu (Industry-University Cooperation Foundation Hanyang University)
- Inventors: Yang-Kook SUN; Chong-Seung YOON
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20200403239A1

## CPC

- H01M 4/525: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
- C01G 53/42: containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G 53/504: with the molar ratio of nickel with respect to all the metals other than alkali metals higher than or equal to 0.5, e.g. Li(MzNixCoyMn1-x-y-z)O2 with x ≥ 0.5
- C01G 53/506: with the molar ratio of nickel with respect to all the metals other than alkali metals higher than or equal to 0.8, e.g. Li(MzNixCoyMn1-x-y-z)O2 with x ≥ 0.8
- C01G 53/82: Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
- H01M 4/131: Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M 4/1391: of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M 4/362: {Composites}
- H01M 4/382: {Lithium (H01M4/405 takes precedence)}
- H01M 4/505: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- C01P 2002/72: by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
- C01P 2002/77: by unit-cell parameters, atom positions or structure diagrams
- C01P 2004/03: obtained by SEM
- C01P 2006/40: Electric properties
- H01M 2004/027: {Negative electrodes}
- H01M 2004/028: {Positive electrodes}
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- C01G: COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F (metal hydrides {monoborane, diborane or addition complexes thereof} C01B6/00; salts of oxyacids of halogens C01B11/00; peroxides, salts or peroxyacids C01B15/00; thiosulfates, dithionites, polythionates C01B17/64; compounds containing selenium, or tellurium C01B19/00; binary compounds of nitrogen with metals C01B21/06; azides C01B21/08; {compounds containing nitrogen, other non-metals and metal C01B21/082}; metal amides C01B21/092; nitrites C01B21/50; {compounds of noble gases C01B23/0005}; phosphides C01B25/08; salts of oxyacids of phosphorus C01B25/16; carbides C01B32/90; compounds containing silicon C01B33/00; compounds containing boron C01B35/00; compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties C01B37/00; compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, C01B39/00; cyanides C01C3/08; salts of cyanamide C01C3/16; thiocyanates C01C3/20)
- C01P: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

Provided is a positive active material in which a compound containing lithium, a transition metal, and oxygen is doped with a doping metal, the positive active material including lithium (Li) layers, in which the lithium layers may include a first lithium layer including only lithium and a second lithium layer in which at least a part of the lithium of the first lithium layer is substituted with a transition metal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A positive active material including lithium, a transition metal, and oxygen, and including lithium (Li) layers and transition metal layers,
wherein the lithium layers include a first lithium layer including only lithium and a second lithium layer in which at least a part of the lithium of the first lithium layer is regularly substituted with the transition metal,
the transition metal layer includes a first transition metal layer including only the transition metal, and a second transition metal layer in which at least a part of the first transition metal layer is regularly substituted with lithium, and
the second lithium layers and the second transition metal layers are alternately and regularly provided.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The positive active material of claim 1, wherein an a-axis of a lattice formed by the second lithium layer and the second transition metal layer includes an increased long range ordering lattice.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The positive active material of claim 1, wherein
a lattice formed by the second lithium layer and the second transition metal layer includes a superlattice in which an a-axis increases two times of a lattice formed by the first lithium layer and the first transition metal layer.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The positive active material of claim 1, wherein the first lithium layers and the first transition metal layers are alternately and regularly arranged, and the second lithium layers and the second transition metal layers are alternately and regularly arranged, and
a lattice formed by the second lithium layers and the second transition metal layers includes a superlattice.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The positive active material of claim 1, wherein in the second lithium layer, a half of the lithium of the first lithium layer is substituted with the transition metal,
in the second transition metal layer, a half of the transition metal of the first transition metal layer is substituted with lithium, and
the transition metal of the second lithium layer is obtained through an exchange of the transition metal of the first transition metal layer and the lithium of the second lithium layer, so that the lithium and the transition metal of the second lithium layer are alternately and repeatedly arranged, and the transition metal and the lithium of the second transition metal layer are alternately and repeatedly provided while corresponding to the lithium and the transition metal of the second lithium layer, respectively.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The positive active material of claim 1, further comprising:
a doping metal,
wherein substitution energy of the lithium and the transition metal decreases by the doping metal, so that a part of the lithium of the first lithium layer is substituted with a transition metal to form the second lithium layer, and a part of the transition metal of the first transition metal is substituted with lithium to form a second transition metal layer.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The positive active material of claim 6, wherein the doping metal includes at least one of zirconium, boron, titanium, aluminum, and tungsten.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The positive active material of claim 1, wherein the transition metal includes one or more of nickel, cobalt, and manganese, and
a concentration of at least one of nickel, cobalt, and manganese in the positive active material has a concentration gradient in at least a part of the positive active material in a direction from a center to a surface of the positive active material.

### Claim 9

A positive active material, comprising:
a first lithium layer in which lithium is regularly arranged; and
a second lithium layer in which lithium and a transition metal are regularly arranged;
a first transition metal layer in which the transition metal is regularly arranged; and
a second transition metal layer in which the transition metal and lithium are regularly arranged,
wherein the second lithium layer and the second transition metal layer are alternately provided, and
as a result of an electron diffraction pattern fora [010] zone axis or a [100] zone axis,
a first diffraction spot group which corresponds to a lattice formed by the first lithium layer and the first transition metal layer and is formed by aligning one or more diffraction spots having relatively high strength in one direction, and a second diffraction spot group which corresponds to a lattice formed by the second lithium layer and the second transition metal layer and is formed by aligning one or more diffraction spots having relatively lower strength than the strength of the diffraction spot included in the first diffraction spot group in one direction are observed.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The positive active material of claim 9, wherein in the second lithium layer, the lithium and the transition metal are alternately arranged,
in the second transition metal layer, the transition metal and the lithium are alternately arranged,
a lattice formed by the second lithium layer and the second transition metal layer includes a superlattice, and
the superlattice includes six lithium elements and one transition metal element.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The positive active material of claim 9, wherein the first diffraction spot group and the second diffraction spot group are alternately and regularly arranged, and
the first diffraction spot group and the second diffraction spot group are provided while being spaced apart from each other at the same interval.

### Claim at position 12

-14. (canceled)