# US 2020/0401165 A1 · Direct-Drive Fan System With Variable Process Control

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- Number: US 2020/0401165 A1
- Document ID: US20200401165A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/922,396
- Filed: 2020-07-07
- Published: 2020-12-24
- Earliest claimed: 2011-10-21
- Assignees: Prime Datum, Inc.
- Applicants: Prime Datum, Inc.
- Inventors: Patrick Rollins; George Lucas; Joseph Costello
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20200401165A1

## CPC

- F04D 27/001: {Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring}
- G05D 27/02: characterised by the use of electric means
- B01F 23/214: {using a gas-liquid mixing column or tower}
- F04D 19/002: {Axial flow fans}
- F04D 25/0606: {the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump}
- F04D 27/002: {by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes}
- F04D 27/004: {by varying driving speed}
- F05D 2220/76: an electrical generator
- F05D 2220/766: via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
- F05D 2220/768: equipped with permanent magnets
- F05D 2260/20: Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D 2260/70: Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05D 2260/821: Parameter estimation or prediction
- F05D 2260/96: Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
- F05D 2270/3011: Inlet pressure
- F05D 2270/306: Mass flow
- F05D 2270/44: active, predictive, or anticipative
- F05D 2270/71: synthesized, i.e. parameter computed by a mathematical model
- F28C 1/00: Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers (building construction E04H5/12; enclosed spaces cooled by trickle F25; components parts of trickle coolers F28F25/00; {indirect-contact cooling towers F28B1/06})
- Y02B 30/70: Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
- Y02P 80/10: Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02T 50/60: Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
- F04D: NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS (engine fuel-injection pumps F02M; ion pumps H01J41/12; electrodynamic pumps H02K44/02)
- G05D: SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- B01F: MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING (mixing paints B44D3/06)
- F05D: INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F28C: HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION (safety devices in general F16P; fluid heaters having heat generating means F24H; with an intermediate heat-transfer medium coming into direct contact with heat-exchange media F28D15/00 - F28D19/00; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general application F28F)
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

Embodiments of a direct-drive fan system and a variable process control system are disclosed herein. The direct-drive fan system and the variable process control system efficiently manage the operation of fans in a cooling system such as a wet-cooling tower or air-cooled heat exchanger (ACHE), HVAC systems, mechanical towers or chiller systems.

## Claims

### Claim 1

(canceled)

### Claim 2

A cooling tower system, comprising:
a cooling tower structure;
a variable speed direct-drive system supported by the cooling tower structure, the variable speed direct drive system comprising a variable speed electric motor having a rotatable shaft, wherein the motor is configured to operate in a forward direction or a reverse direction, the direct-drive system further comprising a motor controller comprising an input for receiving AC power and an output for providing electrical signals that control one or more of the following: the operational speed (RPM), torque and direction of rotation of the motor, the motor controller being further configured to receive feedback signals to adjust the speed and/or torque and/or direction of rotation of the motor; and
a fan attached to the rotatable shaft of the motor such that the fan rotates upon rotation of the rotatable shaft.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The cooling tower system according to claim 2 wherein the motor controller is configured to measure one or more the following: operational speed (RPM) of the motor, electrical current draw of the motor, electrical voltage draw of the motor and/or torque of the motor, the motor controller being further configured to output signals representing the measured operational speed of the motor, the electrical current draw of the motor, the electrical voltage draw of the motor and/or the torque of the motor, and wherein the cooling tower system further comprises a signal and acquisition device to process the signals outputted by the motor controller and generate feedback signals for input into the motor controller.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The cooling tower system according to claim 3 wherein the signal and acquisition device is configured to continuously receive external real-time data signals representing a current process demand associated with a process and/or changing environmental conditions and continuously process the received external real-time data signals and the signals outputted by the motor controller in order to generate feedback signals for input into the motor controller so as to vary the rotational speed and/or torque of the fan in response to changing process demand conditions and/or changing environmental conditions.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The cooling tower system according to claim 3 further comprising:
at least one temperature sensing device to sense the temperature and output signals representing the sensed temperature;
at least one vibration sensing device to sense vibrations and output signals representing the sensed vibrations; and
a signal and acquisition device to process the signals outputted by the motor controller, the vibration sensing device and temperature sensing device and generate feedback signals for input into the motor controller.

### Claim 6 (depends on 2)

The cooling tower system according to claim 2 further comprising:
at least one gas sensor to sense gas emissions and output signals indicating the presence of a gas;
a signal acquisition and processing device to process the signals indicating the presence of gas and, in response, generate notifications that indicate the presence of the gas; and
a distributed control system in electronic signal communication with the signal acquisition and processing device for receiving the notifications and routing the notifications to operators of the cooling tower system.

### Claim 7 (depends on 2)

The cooling tower system according to claim 2 further comprising:
at least one vibration sensor to sense vibrations during rotation of the cooling tower fan and output sensor signals representing the sensed vibrations; and
a signal acquisition and processing device to process the sensor signals with one or more signal processing algorithms and compare the processed signals to stored reference vibration signatures to determine the particular vibration signature and the source of the vibrations sensed by the vibration sensor.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The cooling tower system according to claim 7 wherein the signal acquisition and processing device includes electronics to generate notifications that indicate the particular signature and source of the sensed vibrations and generate a feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is fed to the motor controller to adjust the rotational speed and/or torque of the motor in accordance with the processing of the sensor signals.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The cooling tower system according to claim 8 further comprising a distributed control system in electronic signal communication with the signal acquisition and processing device for receiving the notifications and routing the notification signals to operators of the cooling tower.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The cooling tower system according to claim 9 further comprising a computer in electronic signal communication with the signal acquisition and processing device for processing the determined vibration signature in order to predict impending failures and maintenance.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The cooling tower system according to claim 7 wherein the motor comprises a casing and wherein the vibration sensor is attached to the casing.

### Claim 12 (depends on 7)

The cooling tower system according to claim 7 wherein the motor comprises a casing having an interior and wherein the vibration sensor is located within the interior of the casing.

### Claim 13 (depends on 7)

The cooling tower system according to claim 7 wherein the vibration sensor is positioned on the cooling tower structure.

### Claim 14 (depends on 2)

The cooling tower system according to claim 2 further comprising:
a collection basin for holding cooling water;
at least one temperature sensor to sense the temperature of the cooling water and output signals representing the sensed temperature; and
a signal acquisition and processing device to process the signals representing the sensed temperature and, in response, generate feedback signals for input into the motor controller.

### Claim 15 (depends on 2)

The cooling tower system according to claim 2 further comprising:
sensors to measure one or more of the following environmental conditions: ambient temperature, relative humidity, dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature, wind speed, wind direction, solar gain and/or barometric pressure; and
a signal acquisition and processing device in electronic signal communication with the sensors to process the sensed environmental conditions to determine the environmental stress.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The cooling tower system according to claim 15 wherein the signal acquisition and processing device is configured to generate feedback signals for input into the motor controller so as to adjust the rotational speed, rotational direction and/or torque of the motor in accordance with the determined environmental stress.

### Claim 17 (depends on 2)

The cooling tower system according to claim 2 wherein the rotation of the fan produces an airflow and wherein the cooling tower further comprises:
at least one temperature sensor to sense the temperature of the airflow and output signals representing the sensed temperature; and
a signal acquisition and processing device to process the signals representing the sensed temperature and, in response, generate feedback signals for input into the motor controller.

### Claim 18 (depends on 2)

The cooling tower system according to claim 2 further comprising fill material supported by the cooling tower structure, wherein rotation of the fan produces airflow that flows over and/or through the fill material.

### Claim 19 (depends on 2)

The cooling tower system according to claim 2 further comprising a tube bundle supported by the cooling tower structure, wherein the rotation of fan produces airflow that flows over and/or through the tube bundle.

### Claim 20 (depends on 2)

The cooling tower system according to claim 2 wherein the motor controller comprises a programmable motor controller that is configured to initiate rotation of the fan in accordance with a pre-programmed acceleration rate and to slow the rotational speed of the fan in accordance with a pre-programmed deceleration rate

### Claim 21 (depends on 2)

The cooling tower system according to claim 2 wherein the motor is configured to allow the motor shaft to freely rotate in a clockwise direction or a counter-clockwise direction.

### Claim 22 (depends on 2)

The cooling tower system according to claim 2 wherein the motor comprises a permanent magnet motor that is configured with sealed bearings.

### Claim 23 (depends on 2)

The cooling tower system according to claim 2 wherein the rotatable shaft may be oriented at any angle with respect to the horizon.

### Claim 24

A cooling tower system, comprising:
a cooling tower comprising a cooling tower structure
a first electric motor supported by the cooling tower structure and having a rotatable shaft, wherein the first electric motor comprises a variable speed and variable torque electric motor;
a first programmable motor controller having an input for receiving AC power and an output for providing electrical signals that control one or more of the following: the operational speed, torque and/or rotational direction of the first motor;
a cooling tower fan attached to the rotatable shaft of the first motor such that the fan rotates upon rotation of the rotatable shaft;
at least one variable speed pump to displace liquid from the cooling tower to a process and then displace the liquid back to the cooling tower, wherein the pump comprises a second electric motor and one or more sensor devices of the following for providing pump status signals including flow rate, pressure and/or temperature of the liquid flowing through the pump, wherein the second electric motor comprises a variable speed and variable torque electric motor;
a second programmable motor controller having an input for receiving AC power and an output for providing electrical signals that control one or more of the following: the operational speed, torque and/or rotational direction of the second electric motor;
a signal processing device in electronic signal communication with the first and second programmable motor controllers and the sensor devices of the pump, the signal processing including a data storage resource for storing data representing a current thermal capacity of the cooling tower, the signal processing device being configured to continuously receive one or more real-time signals representing the current process demand associated with the process and/or current environmental stress and to continuously process the received real-time signals, the current thermal cooling tower capacity and pump status signals so as to (i) generate feedback signals to the first programmable motor controller so as to vary the speed, rotational direction and/or torque of the first electric motor and/or (ii) generate feedback signals to the second programmable motor controller to vary the speed, rotational direction and/or torque of the second electric motor of the pump so as to adjust the thermal cooling tower capacity in response to the changing process demand and/or changing environmental stress.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The cooling tower system according to claim 24 wherein the cooling tower includes a collection basin for receiving liquids cooled by the fan and wherein a condenser is in the flow of liquids from the collection basin to the process and in the flow of liquids from the process to the cooling tower, the cooling tower further comprising:
means for providing a condenser temperature set-point to the computer system;
at least one temperature sensor in communication with the signal processor for continuously measuring the actual collection basin temperature, wherein the signal processor is programmed to process the measured actual basin temperature; and
wherein the signal processor is further programmed to calculate a collection basin temperature that is based on the provided condenser temperature set-point and (i) generate feedback signals for input to the first programmable motor controller so as to adjust the speed, torque and/or rotational direction of the first electric motor in order to adjust the speed, torque and/or rotational direction of the fan, and/or (ii) generate feedback signals for input to the second programmable motor controller to adjust the speed, torque and/or rotational direction of the second electric motor so as to vary the flow of liquids through the pump in order to maintain the actual collection basin temperature at a temperature that is substantially the same as the determined collection basin temperature.

### Claim 26

A cooling tower system, comprising:
a cooling tower comprising a cooling tower structure;
a first electric motor supported by the cooling tower structure and having a rotatable shaft, the first electric motor comprising a variable speed and variable torque electric motor;
a cooling tower fan attached to the rotatable shaft such that the fan rotates upon rotation of the rotatable shaft;
a programmable motor controller having an input for receiving AC power and an output for providing electrical signals to the first electric motor that control one or more of the following: the operational speed, acceleration rate, deceleration rate, rotational direction and/or the torque of the first electric motor;
a plenum pressure sensor to sense plenum pressure and provide signals representing the sensed plenum pressure;
at least one pump to pump the liquids from the cooling tower to a process and then back to the cooling tower, wherein pump includes a second electric motor and one or more sensor devices for providing pump status signals including the flow rate, pressure and/or temperature of the liquid flowing through the variable speed pump, wherein the second electric motor comprises a variable speed and variable torque electric motor;
a second programmable motor controllers having an input for receiving AC power and an output for providing electrical signals to the second electric motor so as to control one or more of the following: the operational speed, acceleration rate, deceleration rate, rotational direction and/or the torque of the second electric motor;
a signal processor in electronic signal communication with the first and second programmable motor controllers, the plenum pressure sensor and the sensor devices associated with the pumps, the signal processor being configured to continuously receive real-time data signals representing the current process demand associated with the process and/or changing environmental conditions and to continuously process the received real-time data signals and the operational speed, rotational direction and torque of the first and second electric motors, the pump status signals and the signals representing the sensed plenum pressure in order to (i) generate feedback signals for input to the first programmable motor controller so as to vary the speed, torque and/or rotational direction of the fan and/or (ii) generate feedback signals for input into the second programmable motor controller so as to vary speed, torque and/or rotational direction of the second electric motor of the pump in response to changing process demand conditions and/or changing environmental conditions.