# US 2020/0399411 A1 · Modeling material formulations usable in additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects at low temperatures > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2020/0399411 A1 - Document ID: US20200399411A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 16/959,183 - Filed: 2018-12-31 - Published: 2020-12-24 - Earliest claimed: 2017-12-31 - Assignees: Stratasys, Inc. - Applicants: Stratasys Ltd. - Inventors: Elena SHPAYZER; Eduardo NAPADENSKY; Raffy SARFATI; Mayan RUMBAK; Keren GOLDSHTEIN - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20200399411A1 ## CPC - C08F 220/20: of polyhydric alcohols or phenols {, e.g. 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate or glycerol mono-(meth)acrylate} - B29C 64/112: using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads - B29C 64/393: for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes - B33Y 10/00: Processes of additive manufacturing - B33Y 30/00: Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor - B33Y 50/02: for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes - B33Y 70/00: Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing - B33Y 80/00: Products made by additive manufacturing - B29K 2071/02: {Polyalkylene oxides, e.g. PEO, i.e. polyethylene oxide, or derivatives thereof} - B29K 2105/0094: {having particular viscosity} - B29K 2995/0046: Elastic - B29K 2995/0092: hydrophilic - B29K 2995/0093: hydrophobic - B33Y 70/10: Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials - C08F 220/1811: {C10or C11-(Meth)acrylate, e.g. isodecyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate or 2-naphthyl (meth)acrylate} - C08F 222/102: {of dialcohols, e.g. ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate or 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate} - C08F 222/1063: {of alcohol terminated polyethers} - C08F 222/225: {the ester chains containing seven or more carbon atoms} - C08F: MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS - B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00) - B33Y: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - B29K: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR {MOULDS, } REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS ## Abstract Modeling material formulation systems usable in additive manufacturing, 3D inkjet printing in particular, of three-dimensional objects, are provided. The formulations comprise two or more curable materials, such that an average molecular weight of the curable materials in each formulation is no more than 500 grams/mol, such that each formulation features a viscosity of no more than 50 centipoises at a temperature of 35° C. Kits comprising the formulations or formulation systems and additive manufacturing processes utilizing same are also provided. ## Claims ### Claim at position 1 1-61. (canceled) ### Claim 62 A modeling material formulation system usable in additive manufacturing of a three-dimension object, the formulation system comprising at least two curable materials and featuring a viscosity of no more than 50 cPs at 35° C., wherein an average molecular weight of said at least two curable materials is no more than 500 grams/mol. ### Claim 63 (depends on 62) The formulation system of claim 62, wherein the formulation system comprises at least one formulation which, when hardened, provides a non-elastomeric material, said at least one formulation comprising: at least one hydrophobic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C.; at least one hydrophilic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C., wherein a total amount of said at least one hydrophobic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C., is from 25 to 60 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation; and a total amount of said at least one hydrophilic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C., is from 15 to 35 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation. ### Claim 64 (depends on 63) The formulation system of claim 63, wherein said at least one hydrophobic curable material comprises at least one monofunctional curable material, and/or at least one multifunctional curable material, wherein an amount of said at least one monofunctional curable material ranges from 30 to 60 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation, and an amount of said at least one multifunctional curable material ranges from 0 to 25 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation. ### Claim 65 (depends on 63) The formulation system of claim 63, wherein said at least one hydrophilic curable material comprises at least one monofunctional curable material and/or at least one multifunctional curable material, wherein an amount of said at least one monofunctional curable material ranges from 15 to 35 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation, and an amount of said at least one multifunctional curable material ranges from 0 to 5 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation. ### Claim 66 (depends on 63) The formulation system of claim 63, wherein said at least one formulation further comprises at least one of: at least one hydrophobic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg lower than 25° C.; at least one hydrophilic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg lower than 25° C.; and at least one hydrophilic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg that ranges from 25° C. to 80° C., ### Claim 67 (depends on 63) The formulation system of claim 63, wherein a total amount of hydrophobic curable materials ranges from 35 to 75 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation, and a total amount of hydrophilic curable materials ranges from 20 to 60 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation. ### Claim 68 (depends on 63) The formulation system of claim 63, wherein said at least one formulation further comprises a curable material featuring a viscosity at room temperature of no more than 15 centipoises, wherein an amount said curable material ranges from 0 to 10, or from 0 to 7, weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation. ### Claim 69 (depends on 63) The formulation system of claim 63, wherein the three-dimensional object is a non-shelled object, and wherein a total amount of said at least one hydrophobic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C., is from 50 to 60 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation; and a total amount of said at least one hydrophilic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C., is from 15 to 30 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation. ### Claim 70 (depends on 69) The formulation system of claim 69, wherein said at least one hydrophobic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C. comprises at least one monofunctional curable material and/or at least one multifunctional curable material, wherein an amount of said at least one monofunctional curable material ranges from 30 to 55 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation, and an amount of said at least one multifunctional curable material ranges from 0 to 25 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation. ### Claim 71 (depends on 69) The formulation system of claim 69, wherein said at least one hydrophilic curable material comprises at least one monofunctional curable material and/or at least one multifunctional curable material, wherein an amount of said at least one monofunctional curable material ranges from 15 to 25 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation, and an amount of said at least one multifunctional curable material ranges from 0 to 5 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation. ### Claim 72 (depends on 63) The formulation system of claim 63, comprising a first formulation which is characterized, when hardened, by heat deflection temperature (HDT) of at least 60° C., and a second formulation which is characterized, when hardened, by Izod impact resistance (IR) value of at least 40 J/m, wherein each of said first and said second formulations comprises said at least one hydrophobic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 50° C., and said at least one hydrophilic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C., wherein a total amount of said at least one hydrophobic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C., is from 50 to 60 weight percents of the total weight of said first formulation; a total amount of said at least one hydrophilic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C., in said first formulation, is from 25 to 35 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation; a total amount of said at least one hydrophobic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C., is from 30 to 45 weight percents of the total weight of said second formulation; and wherein a total amount of said at least one hydrophilic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C., in said second formulation, is from 25 to 35 weight percents of the total weight of said second formulation. ### Claim 73 (depends on 72) The formulation system of claim 72, wherein said at least one hydrophobic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C. in said first formulation comprises at least one monofunctional curable material and/or at least one multifunctional curable material, wherein an amount of said at least one monofunctional curable material ranges from 25 to 40 weight percents of the total weight of said first formulation, and an amount of said at least one multifunctional curable material ranges from 15 to 30 weight percents of the total weight of said first formulation. ### Claim 74 (depends on 72) The formulation system of claim 72, wherein said at least one hydrophilic curable material in said first formulation comprises at least one monofunctional curable material and/or at least one multifunctional curable material, wherein an amount of said at least one monofunctional curable material ranges from 20 to 35 weight percents of the total weight of said first formulation, and an amount of said at least one multifunctional curable material ranges from 0 to 5 weight percents of the total weight of said first formulation. ### Claim 75 (depends on 72) The formulation system of claim 72, wherein said at least one hydrophobic curable material which provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg higher than 80° C. in said second formulation comprises at least one monofunctional curable material and/or at least one multifunctional curable material, wherein an amount of said at least one monofunctional curable material ranges from 25 to 40 weight percents of the total weight of said second formulation, and an amount of said at least one multifunctional curable material ranges from 0 to 25 weight percents of the total weight of said second formulation. ### Claim 76 (depends on 72) The formulation system of claim 72, wherein said at least one hydrophilic curable material in said second formulation comprises at least one monofunctional curable material and/or at least one multifunctional curable material, wherein an amount of said at least one monofunctional curable material ranges from 20 to 35 weight percents of the total weight of said second formulation, and an amount of said at least one multifunctional curable material ranges from 0 to 5 weight percents of the total weight of said second formulation. ### Claim 77 (depends on 62) The formulation system of claim 62, comprising at least one formulation which, when hardened, provides an elastomeric material, said at least one formulation comprising: an elastomeric curable material; a monofunctional curable material; and optionally, a difunctional curable material, wherein an amount of said elastomeric curable material is at least 30 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation; and a total amount of said at least one monofunctional curable material ranges from about 20 to about 60. ### Claim 78 (depends on 77) The formulation system of claim 77, wherein said at least one monofunctional curable material comprises a hydrophobic monofunctional curable material provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg of at least 80° C., wherein an amount of said hydrophobic monofunctional curable material ranges from 20 to 30 weight percents of the total weight of said at least one formulation. ### Claim 79 (depends on 77) The formulation system of claim 77, wherein said at least one monofunctional curable material comprises at least one hydrophobic monofunctional curable material that provides, when hardened, a material featuring Tg lower than 25° C. ### Claim 80 (depends on 77) The formulation system of claim 77, wherein said at least one formulation further comprises a non-reactive material featuring a viscosity, at room temperature, of no more than 15 centipoises or no more than 10 centipoises. ### Claim 81 (depends on 62) A method of fabricating a three-dimensional object, the method comprising: receiving three-dimensional printing data corresponding to the shape of the object; and dispensing droplets of the formulation system of claim 62 in layers, on a receiving medium, using at least one inkjet printing head, according to said printing data, wherein a temperature of said inkjet printing heads and of said formulation system is no more than 45° C.